Paper · 2026 · Scientific Reports

DeepGreen: a real-time deep learning system for smart agriculture monitoring

Ajit Singh Rathor; Sushabhan Choudhury; Abhinav Sharma; et al.

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Open access · cc-by-nc-nd

Abstract

Plant diseases are a major problem for farmers around the world, reducing crop yields. The absence of expertise makes plant disease detection difficult and complicated. Plant disease detection is made easier by deep learning algorithms; however, they are computationally demanding and need huge training datasets. This research work proposes a novel Conv-7 DCNN model with modified ParNet attention layer to classify plant leaves into distinct categories with improved accuracy. Because of its architecture, the proposed network can identify leaf diseases with more accuracy by extracting the wider range of features from the images. The proposed Conv-7 DCNN model classifies the leaf diseases of three plants such as tomato, potato, and pepper-bell into fifteen categories. The CNN model is trained using publicly accessible Kaggle dataset, utilising image augmentation techniques. It is evident from the simulation results that the proposed model outperforms several pre-trained, and other trending deep learning models. Proposed model achieves 99.18% classification accuracy with an average precision of 99.17% and area under the curve (AUC) of 1, making this model highly effective in leaf diseases detection. Additionally, Conv-7 DCNN achieved high FPS of 112.49, low inference time of 18.34 s, and low GFLOPS of 13.98, making it suitable for real-time applications in smart agriculture systems.

Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by-nc-nd. Read at the source ↗

The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.

Claims 11

Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Conv-7 DCNN classifies tomato leaf diseases within a fifteen-category system.

Outcome
classifies the leaf diseasese0
Value
fifteen categoriese0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Solanum lycopersicum
Solanum lycopersicum · TaxonKod B · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The proposed Conv-7 DCNN model classifies the leaf diseases of three plants such as tomato, potato, and pepper-bell into fifteen categories.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 634–774 · show in text ↑
Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Conv-7 DCNN classifies potato leaf diseases within a fifteen-category system.

Outcome
classifies the leaf diseasese0
Value
fifteen categoriese0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Solanum tuberosum
Solanum tuberosum · TaxonScott Bauer, USDA ARS · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The proposed Conv-7 DCNN model classifies the leaf diseases of three plants such as tomato, potato, and pepper-bell into fifteen categories.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 634–774 · show in text ↑
Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Conv-7 DCNN classifies pepper-bell leaf diseases within a fifteen-category system.

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pepper-belle0
Outcome
classifies the leaf diseasese0
Value
fifteen categoriese0

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e0

“The proposed Conv-7 DCNN model classifies the leaf diseases of three plants such as tomato, potato, and pepper-bell into fifteen categories.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 634–774 · show in text ↑
Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The model outperformed several pretrained and trending deep learning models.

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outperformse0
Comparator
several pre-trained, and other trending deep learning modelse0

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“the proposed model outperforms several pre-trained, and other trending deep learning models.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 930–1022 · show in text ↑
Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Classification accuracy was 99.18%.

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classification accuracye0
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99.18%e0

Not reportedTaxon

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e0

“Proposed model achieves 99.18% classification accuracy with an average precision of 99.17% and area under the curve (AUC) of 1”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1023–1149 · show in text ↑
Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Average precision was 99.17%.

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average precisione0
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99.17%e0

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“an average precision of 99.17% and area under the curve (AUC) of 1”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1083–1149 · show in text ↑
Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Conv-7 DCNN achieved FPS of 112.49.

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FPSe0
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highe0
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112.49e0

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“Conv-7 DCNN achieved high FPS of 112.49, low inference time of 18.34 s, and low GFLOPS of 13.98”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1228–1323 · show in text ↑
Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Inference time was 18.34 s.

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inference timee0
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lowe0
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18.34 se0

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“low inference time of 18.34 s”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1269–1298 · show in text ↑
Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

GFLOPS was 13.98.

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GFLOPSe0
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lowe0
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13.98e0

Not reportedTaxon

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e0

“low GFLOPS of 13.98”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1304–1323 · show in text ↑
Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The model is suitable for real-time smart agriculture applications.

Outcome
real-time applications in smart agriculture systemse0

Not reportedTaxon

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e0

“making it suitable for real-time applications in smart agriculture systems.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1325–1400 · show in text ↑

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