Abstract
During 2020–2024, 25 Gram-positive actinobacterial strains were isolated from small-grain cereals in Iran. Colony morphology, phenotypic characteristics and multilocus sequence analyses showed that the strains belonged to the coryneform genus Clavibacter (family Microbacteriaceae ). The Clavibacter strains isolated from small-grain cereals in Iran were distributed within five distinct phylogenetic clades. Two of those clades included Clavibacter tessellarius and Clavibacter zhangzhiyongii , while the other three groups of Clavibacter strains were taxonomically undetermined and phylogenetically distinct from all validly described species in the genus. Whole-genome sequence-based indices, i.e. average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH), showed that the latter three phylogenetic clades differed from all validly described Clavibacter species, with ANI/dDDH values <94% and <70%, respectively. Analyses of KEGG pathways and pathogenicity-associated genes revealed substantial differences among the five Clavibacter groups associated with small-grain cereals. All Clavibacter strains were capable of infecting their hosts of isolation, i.e. wheat, barley and oat. Thus, based on both phenotypic features, i.e. differences in colony morphology, biolog microbial identification microplate data and polar lipid repertoires, as well as DNA similarity indices, the three clades could represent three new species within Clavibacter . In this study, we provide formal species descriptions for three Clavibacter clades isolated from small-grain cereals. These three species include Clavibacter vidaverae sp. nov. (type strain Sh2088ᵀ=CFBP 9070ᵀ=ICMP 24732ᵀ), Clavibacter rahimiani sp. nov. (type strain Sh2141ᵀ=CFBP 9069ᵀ=ICMP 24735ᵀ) and Clavibacter davisi sp. nov. (type strain Sh2036ᵀ=CFBP 9071ᵀ=ICMP 24729ᵀ).
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
All Clavibacter strains were capable of infecting their hosts of isolation, wheat, barley and oat.
- Taxon
- wheat, barley and oat
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Hordeum vulgare
Triticum aestivum
Avena sativae4 - Interactor
- Clavibacter
Clavibactere4pathogen - Outcome
- capable of infectinge4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e4“All Clavibacter strains were capable of infecting their hosts of isolation, i.e. wheat, barley and oat”
Claim · model-written summary
The Clavibacter strains from small-grain cereals in Iran were distributed within five phylogenetic clades.
Verbatim
e1“The Clavibacter strains isolated from small-grain cereals in Iran were distributed within five distinct phylogenetic clades”
Claim · model-written summary
Two of the clades included Clavibacter tessellarius and Clavibacter zhangzhiyongii.
Verbatim
e1“The Clavibacter strains isolated from small-grain cereals in Iran were distributed within five distinct phylogenetic clades”
e2“Two of those clades included Clavibacter tessellarius and Clavibacter zhangzhiyongii, while the other three groups of Clavibacter strains were taxonomically undetermined and phylogenetically distinct from all validly described species in the genus”
Claim · model-written summary
Three clades were taxonomically undetermined and phylogenetically distinct from all validly described species in the genus.
Verbatim
e1“The Clavibacter strains isolated from small-grain cereals in Iran were distributed within five distinct phylogenetic clades”
e2“Two of those clades included Clavibacter tessellarius and Clavibacter zhangzhiyongii, while the other three groups of Clavibacter strains were taxonomically undetermined and phylogenetically distinct from all validly described species in the genus”
Claim · model-written summary
The three undetermined clades differed from all validly described Clavibacter species, with ANI/dDDH values below 94% and 70%.
- Taxon
- ClavibacterClavibactere3
- Outcome
- differed from all validly described Clavibacter speciese3
- Value
- <94% and <70%e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“showed that the latter three phylogenetic clades differed from all validly described Clavibacter species, with ANI/dDDH values <94% and <70%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Clavibacter groups from small-grain cereals differed substantially in KEGG pathways and pathogenicity-associated genes.
Verbatim
e1“The Clavibacter strains isolated from small-grain cereals in Iran were distributed within five distinct phylogenetic clades”
e5“Analyses of KEGG pathways and pathogenicity-associated genes revealed substantial differences among the five Clavibacter groups associated with small-grain cereals”
Claim · model-written summary
The three clades could represent three new Clavibacter species.
- Taxon
- ClavibacterClavibactere0
- Outcome
- could represent three new speciese6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the strains belonged to the coryneform genus Clavibacter”
e6“the three clades could represent three new species within Clavibacter”