Abstract
BACKGROUND: The fast-growing Sonneratia caseolaris has been widely used in restoration efforts to accelerate the recovery of degraded mangrove ecosystems. Carbon-fixing bacteria (CFB) are recognized as major microbial contributors to sediment carbon accumulation in the mangrove wetlands. However, the response of the CFB community and sediment organic carbon (SOC) to introduced S. caseolaris is still unknown. RESULTS: In this study, the sediment properties (especially SOC), the abundances of carbon-fixing genes (cbbL and cbbM), as well as the CFB community composition based on cbbL and cbbM functional genes and their interaction network, were compared between the introduced mangrove species (S. caseolaris) and native species (Kandelia obovata, Aegiceras corniculatum, and Acanthus ilicifolius) in the Niutianyang Mangrove Forest, Shantou, China. Our results showed that S. caseolaris markedly enhanced the SOC content and the abundances of the carbon-fixing genes (P < 0.05). The dominant CFB taxa were "purple sulfur bacteria" (PSB) (e.g., Chromatiales) and "purple nonsulfur bacteria" (PNSB) (e.g., Rhodobacterales). The relative abundances of some well-known plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), especially the Rhizobiales and Burkholderiales, were significantly increased (P < 0.05) by the S. caseolaris introduction. In addition, there was a more complex but less stable CFB community interaction network in the S. caseolaris sediments. It was well worth noting that a large number of the keystone taxa in the network were the sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB), such as Sulfuriferula and Thioalkalivibrio, suggesting a tight connection between the carbon and sulfur cycles in mangrove wetlands, and these key genera might have decisive roles in reshaping CFB community structure and functioning. CONCLUSIONS: These findings confirmed that introduced S. caseolaris can strongly affect the CFB communities and the SOC content, and provided new insights into the microbial carbon sequestration in the mangrove wetlands.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Introduced S. caseolaris increased sediment organic carbon content.
- Taxon
- Sonneratia caseolaris
Sonneratia caseolarist0 - Material
- S. caseolarise0
- Outcome
- SOC contente0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sonneratia caseolaris”
e0“S. caseolaris markedly enhanced the SOC content and the abundances of the carbon-fixing genes (P < 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Introduced S. caseolaris increased carbon-fixing gene abundances in sediment.
- Taxon
- Sonneratia caseolarisSonneratia caseolarist0
- Gene
- cbbL and cbbMe1
- Outcome
- abundances of the carbon-fixing genese0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sonneratia caseolaris”
e0“S. caseolaris markedly enhanced the SOC content and the abundances of the carbon-fixing genes (P < 0.05)”
e1“carbon-fixing genes (cbbL and cbbM)”
Claim · model-written summary
Purple sulfur bacteria and purple nonsulfur bacteria dominated the carbon-fixing bacterial community.
- Taxon
- Sonneratia caseolarisSonneratia caseolarist0
- Interactor
- purple sulfur bacteriae0symbiont
- Second interactor
- purple nonsulfur bacteriaRhodospirillaceaee0symbiont
- Outcome
- dominant CFB taxae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sonneratia caseolaris”
e0“The dominant CFB taxa were "purple sulfur bacteria" (PSB) (e.g., Chromatiales) and "purple nonsulfur bacteria" (PNSB) (e.g., Rhodobacterales)”
Claim · model-written summary
Introduction of S. caseolaris increased relative abundance of Rhizobiales.
- Taxon
- Sonneratia caseolarisSonneratia caseolarist0
- Interactor
- RhizobialesHyphomicrobialese0symbiont
- Outcome
- relative abundances of some well-known plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sonneratia caseolaris”
e0“relative abundances of some well-known plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), especially the Rhizobiales and Burkholderiales, were significantly increased (P < 0.05) by the S. caseolaris introduction”
Claim · model-written summary
Introduction of S. caseolaris increased relative abundance of Burkholderiales.
- Taxon
- Sonneratia caseolarisSonneratia caseolarist0
- Interactor
- BurkholderialesBurkholderialese0symbiont
- Outcome
- relative abundances of some well-known plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sonneratia caseolaris”
e0“relative abundances of some well-known plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), especially the Rhizobiales and Burkholderiales, were significantly increased (P < 0.05) by the S. caseolaris introduction”
Claim · model-written summary
The carbon-fixing bacterial network in S. caseolaris sediments was more complex and less stable.
- Taxon
- Sonneratia caseolarisSonneratia caseolarist0
- Material
- S. caseolarise0
- Outcome
- CFB community interaction networke0
- Direction
- more complex but less stablee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sonneratia caseolaris”
e0“more complex but less stable CFB community interaction network in the S. caseolaris sediments”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria including Sulfuriferula and Thioalkalivibrio were numerous among keystone network taxa.
- Taxon
- Sonneratia caseolarisSonneratia caseolarist0
- Interactor
- SulfuriferulaSulfuriferulae0symbiont
- Second interactor
- ThioalkalivibrioThioalkalivibrioe0symbiont
- Outcome
- keystone taxa in the networke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sonneratia caseolaris”
e0“a large number of the keystone taxa in the network were the sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB), such as Sulfuriferula and Thioalkalivibrio”