Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify, characterize, and map mother trees of selected indigenous tree species to tackle shortage of high quality and quantity tree seed provision for massive plantation program by providing both temporal and spatial distribution of mother trees in the study area. This study identified 90 mother trees across seven indigenous tree species through stratified purposive sampling, treating each tree as an individual sampling plot to ensure localized data precision. Data on height, girth, and X ‐ Y coordinates of each mother tree, as well as nearby trees within 10 m. Radius from selected mother trees were recorded. Descriptive statistics and coefficient of variance were calculated for the collected data. Following the statistical analysis, the spatial distribution of the mother tree was mapped using ArcGIS software. Juniperus procera in Banja District shows the largest mean both in terms of DBH (116.21 ± 37.3 cm) and height (33.82 ± 4.07 m) while Podocarpus falcatus in Guangua District score the second largest mean for DBH (94.83 ± 15.1 cm) and height (32.28 ± 14.3 m). Prunus africana in Banja District 2 were the third largest from the characterized seed sources by scoring average DBH (91.98 ± 19.71 cm) and height (29.16 ± 6.27 m). The coefficient of variance of selected mother trees both by species and by forest name also indicate the suitability of selected forest for the production of high quality and quantity of tree seed. Spatial mapping and local knowledge were combined to point out specific seed collection sites, such as Ziqe Forest, and to determine optimal collection times. This research provides a data‐driven framework for developing targeted seed sourcing strategies that enhance the genetic resilience of restoration efforts, directly supporting Ethiopia’s national and international reforestation and afforestation commitments.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
The survey identified 90 mother trees from seven indigenous tree species.
Verbatim
e0“This study identified 90 mother trees across seven indigenous tree species”
Claim · model-written summary
Juniperus procera in Banja District had the largest mean DBH, 116.21 ± 37.3 cm.
- Taxon
- Juniperus procera
Juniperus procerae0 - Outcome
- DBHe0
- Direction
- largeste0
- Value
- 116.21 ± 37.3 cme0
- Setting
- Banja Districte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“Juniperus procera in Banja District shows the largest mean both in terms of DBH (116.21 ± 37.3 cm) and height (33.82 ± 4.07 m)”
Claim · model-written summary
Juniperus procera in Banja District had the largest mean height, 33.82 ± 4.07 m.
- Taxon
- Juniperus procera
Juniperus procerae0 - Outcome
- heighte0
- Direction
- largeste0
- Value
- 33.82 ± 4.07 me0
- Setting
- Banja Districte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“Juniperus procera in Banja District shows the largest mean both in terms of DBH (116.21 ± 37.3 cm) and height (33.82 ± 4.07 m)”
Claim · model-written summary
Podocarpus falcatus in Guangua District had the second largest mean DBH, 94.83 ± 15.1 cm.
- Taxon
- Podocarpus falcatus
Afrocarpus falcatuse0 - Outcome
- DBHe0
- Direction
- second largeste0
- Value
- 94.83 ± 15.1 cme0
- Setting
- Guangua Districte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“Podocarpus falcatus in Guangua District score the second largest mean for DBH (94.83 ± 15.1 cm) and height (32.28 ± 14.3 m)”
Claim · model-written summary
Podocarpus falcatus in Guangua District had the second largest mean height, 32.28 ± 14.3 m.
- Taxon
- Podocarpus falcatus
Afrocarpus falcatuse0 - Outcome
- heighte0
- Direction
- second largeste0
- Value
- 32.28 ± 14.3 me0
- Setting
- Guangua Districte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“Podocarpus falcatus in Guangua District score the second largest mean for DBH (94.83 ± 15.1 cm) and height (32.28 ± 14.3 m)”
Claim · model-written summary
Prunus africana in Banja District 2 ranked third among seed sources in mean DBH, 91.98 ± 19.71 cm.
- Taxon
- Prunus africana
Prunus africanae0 - Outcome
- DBHe0
- Direction
- third largeste0
- Value
- 91.98 ± 19.71 cme0
- Setting
- Banja District 2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“Prunus africana in Banja District 2 were the third largest from the characterized seed sources by scoring average DBH (91.98 ± 19.71 cm) and height (29.16 ± 6.27 m)”
Claim · model-written summary
Prunus africana in Banja District 2 ranked third among seed sources in mean height, 29.16 ± 6.27 m.
- Taxon
- Prunus africana
Prunus africanae0 - Outcome
- heighte0
- Direction
- third largeste0
- Value
- 29.16 ± 6.27 me0
- Setting
- Banja District 2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“Prunus africana in Banja District 2 were the third largest from the characterized seed sources by scoring average DBH (91.98 ± 19.71 cm) and height (29.16 ± 6.27 m)”
Claim · model-written summary
Coefficients of variation indicated the selected forests were suitable tree seed sources.
Verbatim
e0“The coefficient of variance of selected mother trees both by species and by forest name also indicate the suitability of selected forest for the production of high quality and quantity of tree seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Spatial mapping and local knowledge identified seed collection sites and optimal collection times.
Verbatim
e0“Spatial mapping and local knowledge were combined to point out specific seed collection sites, such as Ziqe Forest, and to determine optimal collection times”