Abstract
Background: Pollinator-dependent crops such as okra face increasing threats from intensive pesticide use, creating a need for eco-friendly pest management solutions that effectively control pests while preserving pollinator diversity and activity. Aims: Synthetic pesticides pose severe threats to non-target beneficial insects, necessitating eco-friendly alternatives for sustainable agriculture. Study Design: Ecological survey was conducted in 11 trials (four plots each). Place and Duration of Study: Investigations were carried out in Garoua (Bocklé) from June 15 to October 10, 2022. Methods: The study evaluated the comparative impact of a synthetic insecticide (TEMA) and aqueous leaf extracts from three local plants (Azadirachta indica, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Senna occidentalis) at 5%, 10%, and 15% doses on six pollinators in okra plots across six consecutive days. Data were analysed using the negative binomial generalized linear models (GLM-NB) and the robust permutation ANOVA (5,000 iterations). Results: Out of 991 specimens, Apis mellifera adansonii acted as a keystone species, representing 53.5% of the total pollinators. TEMA triggered an immediate, devastating (90.0%) collapse in pollinators on day 49. Botanical extracts safely sheltered 85.5% pollinators. Permutation procedure unmasked significant triple interactions (P = .011). High-dose extracts (15%) exerted no repellent or toxic effect on Amegilla calens, Megachile cincta, butterflies or hoverflies, optimising and stabilising pollinator residency curves late into the cycle. Conclusion: High-dose extracts offered excellent ecotoxicological safety and non-selective bio-prevention, providing an ecologically sound alternative to conserve biodiversity in sustainable agrosystems.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Apis mellifera adansonii was a keystone species, making up 53.5% of the total pollinators in okra plots.
- Taxon
- Okra
.jpg?width=60)
Abelmoschus esculentust0 - Interactor
- Apis mellifera adansonii
Apis mellifera adansoniie0pollinator - Outcome
- total pollinatorse0
- Value
- 53.5%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Abundance of Pollinators in Okra Agrosystem”
e0“Apis mellifera adansonii acted as a keystone species, representing 53.5% of the total pollinators”
Claim · model-written summary
The synthetic insecticide TEMA caused an immediate, devastating collapse of pollinators on day 49.
- Taxon
- OkraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- TEMAe1
- Interactor
- pollinatorse1pollinator
- Outcome
- pollinatorse1
- Direction
- collapsee1
- Value
- 90.0%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Abundance of Pollinators in Okra Agrosystem”
e1“TEMA triggered an immediate, devastating (90.0%) collapse in pollinators on day 49”
Claim · model-written summary
Botanical extracts sheltered 85.5% of pollinators in okra plots.
- Taxon
- OkraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- Botanical extractse2
- Interactor
- pollinatorse2pollinator
- Outcome
- pollinatorse2
- Direction
- shelterede2
- Value
- 85.5%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Abundance of Pollinators in Okra Agrosystem”
e2“Botanical extracts safely sheltered 85.5% pollinators”
Claim · model-written summary
High-dose (15%) extracts had no repellent or toxic effect on Amegilla calens and Megachile cincta.
- Taxon
- OkraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- High-dose extracts (15%)e3
- Interactor
- Amegilla calens
Amegilla calense3pollinator - Second interactor
- Megachile cinctae3pollinator
- Outcome
- repellent or toxic effecte3
- Qualifier
- butterflies or hoverfliese3
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Abundance of Pollinators in Okra Agrosystem”
e3“High-dose extracts (15%) exerted no repellent or toxic effect on Amegilla calens, Megachile cincta, butterflies or hoverflies, optimising and stabilising pollinator residency curves late into the cycle”
Claim · model-written summary
High-dose (15%) extracts optimised and stabilised pollinator residency curves late into the cycle.
- Taxon
- OkraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- High-dose extracts (15%)e3
- Interactor
- pollinatore3pollinator
- Outcome
- pollinator residency curvese3
- Direction
- optimising and stabilisinge3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Abundance of Pollinators in Okra Agrosystem”
e3“High-dose extracts (15%) exerted no repellent or toxic effect on Amegilla calens, Megachile cincta, butterflies or hoverflies, optimising and stabilising pollinator residency curves late into the cycle”
Claim · model-written summary
Permutation procedure found significant triple interactions among the factors.
- Taxon
- OkraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Outcome
- triple interactionse5
- Value
- P = .011e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Abundance of Pollinators in Okra Agrosystem”
e5“Permutation procedure unmasked significant triple interactions (P = .011)”
Claim · model-written summary
High-dose okra extracts offered excellent ecotoxicological safety and non-selective bio-prevention.
- Taxon
- OkraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- High-dose extractse6
- Outcome
- excellent ecotoxicological safety and non-selective bio-preventione6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Abundance of Pollinators in Okra Agrosystem”
e6“High-dose extracts offered excellent ecotoxicological safety and non-selective bio-prevention”
The same questions in other papers
botanical · ecology: diversity · Abelmoschus esculentus (okra)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
insecticide · ecology: diversity · Abelmoschus esculentus (okra)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.