Abstract
ABSTRACT The Brazilian Amazon plays a vital role in global biodiversity, harboring species such as Banisteriopsis caapi, known for its cultural and medicinal significance. This study aimed to analyze the genetic diversity, with the use of ISSR (inter-simple sequence repeat) markers, of natural populations of mariri (B. caapi ethnovariety Tucunacá) in the Southern Amazon, as well as cultivated populations in agroforestry systems in Mato Grosso. The analysis revealed 92.3% polymorphism, with an average of 11.55 amplified bands per primer and a mean PIC of 0.466, considered moderately informative. Natural populations had greater genetic diversity (H = 0.323; I = 0.468) than cultivated ones (H = 0.164; I = 0.241), highlighting their role as genetic reservoirs. AMOVA indicated that 58% of the genetic variation occurs between populations, with low gene flow (Nm = 0.485) and strong genetic structuring (Fst = 0.582). The UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean) dendrogram grouped populations into two main clusters, while Bayesian analysis identified three genetic clusters, reflecting geographic isolation and human management. Cultivated populations, particularly those at the Xingu Park Indigenous Territory, maintained significant genetic diversity, likely due to the use of seedlings from different origins. This study reinforces the importance of conserving natural populations, given increasing deforestation, and promoting sustainable management of cultivated populations to ensure species adaptability. Strategies such as in situ conservation and genetic diversity enhancement should be integrated to safeguard the ecological and cultural viability of B. caapi, ensuring the continuity of Ayahuasca’s traditional use by the communities dependent on this ethnovariety.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
ISSR markers revealed 92.3% polymorphism in Banisteriopsis caapi populations.
- Taxon
- B. caapi
Banisteriopsis caapie0 - Outcome
- polymorphisme1
- Value
- 92.3%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study aimed to analyze the genetic diversity, with the use of ISSR (inter-simple sequence repeat) markers, of natural populations of mariri (B. caapi ethnovariety Tucunacá) in the Southern Amazon”
e1“The analysis revealed 92.3% polymorphism, with an average of 11.55 amplified bands per primer and a mean PIC of 0.466, considered moderately informative”
Claim · model-written summary
Natural populations of B. caapi had greater genetic diversity than cultivated ones.
- Taxon
- B. caapiBanisteriopsis caapie0
- Material
- natural populationse2
- Outcome
- genetic diversitye2
- Direction
- greatere2
- Qualifier
- H = 0.323; I = 0.468e2
- Comparator
- cultivated onese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study aimed to analyze the genetic diversity, with the use of ISSR (inter-simple sequence repeat) markers, of natural populations of mariri (B. caapi ethnovariety Tucunacá) in the Southern Amazon”
e2“Natural populations had greater genetic diversity (H = 0.323; I = 0.468) than cultivated ones (H = 0.164; I = 0.241), highlighting their role as genetic reservoirs”
Claim · model-written summary
AMOVA attributed 58% of genetic variation in B. caapi to differences between populations.
- Taxon
- B. caapiBanisteriopsis caapie0
- Outcome
- genetic variatione3
- Value
- 58%e3
- Qualifier
- between populationse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study aimed to analyze the genetic diversity, with the use of ISSR (inter-simple sequence repeat) markers, of natural populations of mariri (B. caapi ethnovariety Tucunacá) in the Southern Amazon”
e3“AMOVA indicated that 58% of the genetic variation occurs between populations, with low gene flow (Nm = 0.485) and strong genetic structuring (Fst = 0.582)”
Claim · model-written summary
Gene flow among B. caapi populations is low (Nm = 0.485).
- Taxon
- B. caapiBanisteriopsis caapie0
- Outcome
- gene flowe3
- Direction
- lowe3
- Value
- Nm = 0.485e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study aimed to analyze the genetic diversity, with the use of ISSR (inter-simple sequence repeat) markers, of natural populations of mariri (B. caapi ethnovariety Tucunacá) in the Southern Amazon”
e3“AMOVA indicated that 58% of the genetic variation occurs between populations, with low gene flow (Nm = 0.485) and strong genetic structuring (Fst = 0.582)”
Claim · model-written summary
B. caapi populations show strong genetic structuring (Fst = 0.582).
- Taxon
- B. caapiBanisteriopsis caapie0
- Outcome
- genetic structuringe3
- Direction
- stronge3
- Value
- Fst = 0.582e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study aimed to analyze the genetic diversity, with the use of ISSR (inter-simple sequence repeat) markers, of natural populations of mariri (B. caapi ethnovariety Tucunacá) in the Southern Amazon”
e3“AMOVA indicated that 58% of the genetic variation occurs between populations, with low gene flow (Nm = 0.485) and strong genetic structuring (Fst = 0.582)”
Claim · model-written summary
The UPGMA dendrogram grouped B. caapi populations into two main clusters.
- Taxon
- B. caapiBanisteriopsis caapie0
- Outcome
- populations into two main clusterse4
- Direction
- groupede4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study aimed to analyze the genetic diversity, with the use of ISSR (inter-simple sequence repeat) markers, of natural populations of mariri (B. caapi ethnovariety Tucunacá) in the Southern Amazon”
e4“The UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean) dendrogram grouped populations into two main clusters, while Bayesian analysis identified three genetic clusters, reflecting geographic isolation and human management”
Claim · model-written summary
Bayesian analysis identified three genetic clusters of B. caapi, reflecting geographic isolation and human management.
- Taxon
- B. caapiBanisteriopsis caapie0
- Outcome
- genetic clusterse4
- Value
- threee4
- Qualifier
- reflecting geographic isolation and human managemente4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study aimed to analyze the genetic diversity, with the use of ISSR (inter-simple sequence repeat) markers, of natural populations of mariri (B. caapi ethnovariety Tucunacá) in the Southern Amazon”
e4“The UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean) dendrogram grouped populations into two main clusters, while Bayesian analysis identified three genetic clusters, reflecting geographic isolation and human management”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivated B. caapi populations at the Xingu Park Indigenous Territory maintained significant genetic diversity.
- Taxon
- B. caapiBanisteriopsis caapie0
- Outcome
- genetic diversitye5
- Direction
- maintainede5
- Qualifier
- likely due to the use of seedlings from different originse5
- Setting
- Xingu Park Indigenous Territorye5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study aimed to analyze the genetic diversity, with the use of ISSR (inter-simple sequence repeat) markers, of natural populations of mariri (B. caapi ethnovariety Tucunacá) in the Southern Amazon”
e5“Cultivated populations, particularly those at the Xingu Park Indigenous Territory, maintained significant genetic diversity, likely due to the use of seedlings from different origins”