Abstract
Cacti thrive in arid and coastal environments partly through associations with beneficial endophytic and rhizosphere bacteria; however, current knowledge remains limited. This study aimed to assess the diversity of cultivable bacteria associated with Opuntia dillenii and evaluate their potential as Plant Growth-Promoting (PGP) agents. Endophytic bacteria were isolated from cladodes and roots, while rhizobacteria were recovered from rhizosphere soil. Bacterial isolates were identified using morphological characteristics and 16S rRNA/gyrB sequencing, followed by screening for PGP traits, pH and temperature tolerance. A total of 31 isolates were obtained, including 23 endophytes and 8 rhizobacteria, mainly affiliated with Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria. Bacillus (35.48%) and Priestia (32.25%) predominated, with Priestia flexa as the most prevalent species. The most frequent PGP traits were phosphate solubilization (80.65%), proteolytic activity (70.97%), siderophore production (67.74%), and nitrogenase activity (64.52%). The highest phosphate solubilization indices were observed for strain R3 (3.41), R6 (3.39) and S6 (3.21), whilst the highest indole-3-acetic acid yields were recorded for C9 (172.88 µg/mL), R11 (96.22 µg/mL) and C3 (90.94 µg/mL), and the strongest siderophore production for C3 (30.37 mm), C7 (27.96 mm) and S7 (27.88 mm). These findings highlight O. dillenii-associated coastal bacteria as promising resources for plant growth and plant stress resilience.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Thirty-one bacterial isolates were obtained from Opuntia dillenii, 23 endophytes and 8 rhizobacteria.
- Taxon
- Opuntia dillenii
_02_ies.jpg?width=60)
Opuntia dilleniit0 - Interactor
- endophytese0symbiont
- Second interactor
- rhizobacteriaHyphomicrobialese0symbiont
- Outcome
- isolatese0
- Value
- 31e0
- Qualifier
- 23 endophytes and 8 rhizobacteriae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_02_ies.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“A total of 31 isolates were obtained, including 23 endophytes and 8 rhizobacteria”
t0“Opuntia dillenii”
Claim · model-written summary
The isolates were mainly affiliated with Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria.
- Taxon
- Opuntia dilleniiOpuntia dilleniit0
- Interactor
- Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and ProteobacteriaPseudomonadotaActinomycetotaBacillotae0symbiont
- Outcome
- affiliated with Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteriae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mainly affiliated with Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria”
t0“Opuntia dillenii”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus made up 35.48% of the isolates and predominated.
- Taxon
- Opuntia dilleniiOpuntia dilleniit0
- Interactor
- Bacilluse0symbiont
- Outcome
- predominatede0
- Value
- 35.48%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bacillus (35.48%) and Priestia (32.25%) predominated”
t0“Opuntia dillenii”
Claim · model-written summary
Priestia made up 32.25% of the isolates and predominated.
- Taxon
- Opuntia dilleniiOpuntia dilleniit0
- Outcome
- predominatede0
- Value
- 32.25%e0
PriestiaOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bacillus (35.48%) and Priestia (32.25%) predominated”
t0“Opuntia dillenii”
Claim · model-written summary
Priestia flexa was the most prevalent species among the isolates.
- Taxon
- Opuntia dilleniiOpuntia dilleniit0
- Interactor
- Priestia flexa
Priestia flexae0symbiont - Outcome
- most prevalent speciese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Priestia flexa as the most prevalent species”
t0“Opuntia dillenii”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphate solubilization was among the most frequent PGP traits of the isolates, found at 80.65%.
- Taxon
- Opuntia dilleniiOpuntia dilleniit0
- Outcome
- phosphate solubilizatione0
- Value
- 80.65%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“phosphate solubilization (80.65%)”
t0“Opuntia dillenii”
Claim · model-written summary
Proteolytic activity was among the most frequent PGP traits of the isolates, found at 70.97%.
- Taxon
- Opuntia dilleniiOpuntia dilleniit0
- Outcome
- proteolytic activitye0
- Value
- 70.97%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“proteolytic activity (70.97%)”
t0“Opuntia dillenii”
Claim · model-written summary
Siderophore production was among the most frequent PGP traits of the isolates, found at 67.74%.
- Taxon
- Opuntia dilleniiOpuntia dilleniit0
- Outcome
- siderophore productione0
- Value
- 67.74%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“siderophore production (67.74%)”
t0“Opuntia dillenii”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogenase activity was among the most frequent PGP traits of the isolates, found at 64.52%.
- Taxon
- Opuntia dilleniiOpuntia dilleniit0
- Outcome
- nitrogenase activitye0
- Value
- 64.52%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nitrogenase activity (64.52%)”
t0“Opuntia dillenii”
Claim · model-written summary
Strain R3 had one of the highest phosphate solubilization indices, 3.41.
- Taxon
- Opuntia dilleniiOpuntia dilleniit0
- Interactor
- strain R3e0symbiont
- Outcome
- phosphate solubilization indicese0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 3.41e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest phosphate solubilization indices were observed for strain R3 (3.41), R6 (3.39) and S6 (3.21)”
t0“Opuntia dillenii”
Claim · model-written summary
Strain R6 had one of the highest phosphate solubilization indices, 3.39.
- Taxon
- Opuntia dilleniiOpuntia dilleniit0
- Interactor
- R6e0symbiont
- Outcome
- phosphate solubilization indicese0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 3.39e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest phosphate solubilization indices were observed for strain R3 (3.41), R6 (3.39) and S6 (3.21)”
t0“Opuntia dillenii”
Claim · model-written summary
Strain S6 had one of the highest phosphate solubilization indices, 3.21.
- Taxon
- Opuntia dilleniiOpuntia dilleniit0
- Interactor
- S6e0symbiont
- Outcome
- phosphate solubilization indicese0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 3.21e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest phosphate solubilization indices were observed for strain R3 (3.41), R6 (3.39) and S6 (3.21)”
t0“Opuntia dillenii”
Claim · model-written summary
Strain C9 had one of the highest indole-3-acetic acid yields, 172.88 µg/mL.
- Taxon
- Opuntia dilleniiOpuntia dilleniit0
- Interactor
- C9e0symbiont
- Outcome
- indole-3-acetic acid yieldse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 172.88 µg/mLe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest indole-3-acetic acid yields were recorded for C9 (172.88 µg/mL), R11 (96.22 µg/mL) and C3 (90.94 µg/mL)”
t0“Opuntia dillenii”
Claim · model-written summary
Strain R11 had one of the highest indole-3-acetic acid yields, 96.22 µg/mL.
- Taxon
- Opuntia dilleniiOpuntia dilleniit0
- Interactor
- R11e0symbiont
- Outcome
- indole-3-acetic acid yieldse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 96.22 µg/mLe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest indole-3-acetic acid yields were recorded for C9 (172.88 µg/mL), R11 (96.22 µg/mL) and C3 (90.94 µg/mL)”
t0“Opuntia dillenii”
Claim · model-written summary
Strain C3 had one of the highest indole-3-acetic acid yields, 90.94 µg/mL.
- Taxon
- Opuntia dilleniiOpuntia dilleniit0
- Interactor
- C3e0symbiont
- Outcome
- indole-3-acetic acid yieldse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 90.94 µg/mLe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest indole-3-acetic acid yields were recorded for C9 (172.88 µg/mL), R11 (96.22 µg/mL) and C3 (90.94 µg/mL)”
t0“Opuntia dillenii”
Claim · model-written summary
Strain C3 showed one of the strongest siderophore productions, 30.37 mm.
- Taxon
- Opuntia dilleniiOpuntia dilleniit0
- Interactor
- C3e0symbiont
- Outcome
- siderophore productione0
- Direction
- strongeste0
- Value
- 30.37 mme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the strongest siderophore production for C3 (30.37 mm), C7 (27.96 mm) and S7 (27.88 mm)”
t0“Opuntia dillenii”
Claim · model-written summary
Strain C7 showed one of the strongest siderophore productions, 27.96 mm.
- Taxon
- Opuntia dilleniiOpuntia dilleniit0
- Interactor
- C7e0symbiont
- Outcome
- siderophore productione0
- Direction
- strongeste0
- Value
- 27.96 mme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the strongest siderophore production for C3 (30.37 mm), C7 (27.96 mm) and S7 (27.88 mm)”
t0“Opuntia dillenii”
Claim · model-written summary
Strain S7 showed one of the strongest siderophore productions, 27.88 mm.
- Taxon
- Opuntia dilleniiOpuntia dilleniit0
- Interactor
- S7e0symbiont
- Outcome
- siderophore productione0
- Direction
- strongeste0
- Value
- 27.88 mme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the strongest siderophore production for C3 (30.37 mm), C7 (27.96 mm) and S7 (27.88 mm)”
t0“Opuntia dillenii”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that O. dillenii-associated coastal bacteria are promising resources for plant growth and plant stress resilience.
- Taxon
- O. dilleniiOpuntia dilleniie0
- Interactor
- coastal bacteriae0symbiont
- Outcome
- promising resources for plant growth and plant stress resiliencee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These findings highlight O. dillenii-associated coastal bacteria as promising resources for plant growth and plant stress resilience”