Abstract
The aim of the study was to recognise the structure (sex, height, diameter) and vitality of European yew (Taxus baccata L.) population in the ‘Cisy nad Liswartą' reserve (50°46'27,12"N 18°47'11,86"E). The field investigations were performed in years 2005−2009. We measured diameter at breast height, diameter at root collar and height of all yews in the reserve. Sex of the individuals was determined as well as their health condition was classified into one of five classes. Total number of life and dead yew specimens (with height over 0,5 m) accounted to 466. Majority of the population grew in dense stands (stand density index 0.5−0.7). Sex was described for 55% of the population. Number of female individuals was 142 (30%) and male 116 (25%). Lack of or small crown transparency was found for 30% of life yew trees. The share of high transparency crowns equalled 11%. Damage caused by the game (especially deer) was older than 10 years and found for 42% life trees. Seedlings occurred under the canopy of 47 mature trees (10% of population). 15 relevés were established in the investigated stands. Natural regeneration of yew was found on 11 of them. 5 characterised with small number of yew seedlings. The greatest number of seedlings equalled 200 individuals. It was found that the number of yews higher than 0.5 m decreased in comparison to the previous surveys. Female and male yew trees occurred in the reserve, so the generative breeding is possible. Health condition of the analysed yew population is moderate. Problems with survival of the seedlings was observed. The special treatments should be recommended – cutting of some competitors to give more light for natural regeneration and fencing the greater number of yew seedlings.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
The yew population in the reserve comprised 466 life and dead specimens taller than 0.5 m.
- Taxon
- European yew (Taxus baccata L.)
Taxus baccatae0 - Outcome
- number of life and dead yew specimense1
- Value
- 466e1
- Qualifier
- height over 0,5 me1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the structure (sex, height, diameter) and vitality of European yew (Taxus baccata L.) population”
e1“Total number of life and dead yew specimens (with height over 0,5 m) accounted to 466”
Claim · model-written summary
Female individuals numbered 142 (30%) of the yew population.
- Taxon
- European yew (Taxus baccata L.)Taxus baccatae0
- Outcome
- Number of female individualse1
- Value
- 142 (30%)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the structure (sex, height, diameter) and vitality of European yew (Taxus baccata L.) population”
e1“Number of female individuals was 142 (30%) and male 116 (25%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Male individuals numbered 116 (25%) of the yew population.
- Taxon
- European yew (Taxus baccata L.)Taxus baccatae0
- Outcome
- malee1
- Value
- 116 (25%)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the structure (sex, height, diameter) and vitality of European yew (Taxus baccata L.) population”
e1“Number of female individuals was 142 (30%) and male 116 (25%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Most of the yew population grew in dense stands (stand density index 0.5–0.7).
- Taxon
- European yew (Taxus baccata L.)Taxus baccatae0
- Outcome
- stand density indexe1
- Value
- 0.5−0.7e1
- Qualifier
- Majority of the population grew in dense standse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the structure (sex, height, diameter) and vitality of European yew (Taxus baccata L.) population”
e1“Majority of the population grew in dense stands (stand density index 0.5−0.7)”
Claim · model-written summary
Lack of or small crown transparency was found for 30% of living yew trees.
- Taxon
- European yew (Taxus baccata L.)Taxus baccatae0
- Outcome
- Lack of or small crown transparencye1
- Value
- 30%e1
- Qualifier
- of life yew treese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the structure (sex, height, diameter) and vitality of European yew (Taxus baccata L.) population”
e1“Lack of or small crown transparency was found for 30% of life yew trees”
Claim · model-written summary
High crown transparency was found for 11% of the yew population.
- Taxon
- European yew (Taxus baccata L.)Taxus baccatae0
- Outcome
- share of high transparency crownse1
- Value
- 11%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the structure (sex, height, diameter) and vitality of European yew (Taxus baccata L.) population”
e1“The share of high transparency crowns equalled 11%”
Claim · model-written summary
Damage caused by game, especially deer, older than 10 years was found on 42% of living yew trees.
- Taxon
- European yew (Taxus baccata L.)Taxus baccatae0
- Outcome
- Damage caused by the gamee1
- Value
- 42%e1
- Qualifier
- older than 10 yearse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the structure (sex, height, diameter) and vitality of European yew (Taxus baccata L.) population”
e1“Damage caused by the game (especially deer) was older than 10 years and found for 42% life trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Seedlings occurred under the canopy of 47 mature trees, 10% of the population.
- Taxon
- European yew (Taxus baccata L.)Taxus baccatae0
- Outcome
- Seedlings occurred under the canopye1
- Value
- 47 mature trees (10% of population)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the structure (sex, height, diameter) and vitality of European yew (Taxus baccata L.) population”
e1“Seedlings occurred under the canopy of 47 mature trees (10% of population)”
Claim · model-written summary
Natural regeneration of yew was found on 11 of the 15 relevés.
- Taxon
- European yew (Taxus baccata L.)Taxus baccatae0
- Outcome
- Natural regeneration of yewe1
- Value
- 11 of theme1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the structure (sex, height, diameter) and vitality of European yew (Taxus baccata L.) population”
e1“Natural regeneration of yew was found on 11 of them”
Claim · model-written summary
Five relevés had a small number of yew seedlings.
- Taxon
- European yew (Taxus baccata L.)Taxus baccatae0
- Outcome
- small number of yew seedlingse1
- Value
- 5e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the structure (sex, height, diameter) and vitality of European yew (Taxus baccata L.) population”
e1“5 characterised with small number of yew seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
The greatest number of seedlings in one relevé was 200 individuals.
- Taxon
- European yew (Taxus baccata L.)Taxus baccatae0
- Outcome
- greatest number of seedlingse1
- Value
- 200 individualse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the structure (sex, height, diameter) and vitality of European yew (Taxus baccata L.) population”
e1“The greatest number of seedlings equalled 200 individuals”
Claim · model-written summary
The number of yews taller than 0.5 m decreased compared with previous surveys.
- Taxon
- European yew (Taxus baccata L.)Taxus baccatae0
- Outcome
- number of yews higher than 0.5 me1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Comparator
- previous surveyse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the structure (sex, height, diameter) and vitality of European yew (Taxus baccata L.) population”
e1“It was found that the number of yews higher than 0.5 m decreased in comparison to the previous surveys”
Claim · model-written summary
Female and male yew trees occur in the reserve, so generative breeding is possible.
- Taxon
- European yew (Taxus baccata L.)Taxus baccatae0
- Outcome
- Female and male yew trees occurrede1
- Qualifier
- so the generative breeding is possiblee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the structure (sex, height, diameter) and vitality of European yew (Taxus baccata L.) population”
e1“Female and male yew trees occurred in the reserve, so the generative breeding is possible”
Claim · model-written summary
The health condition of the analysed yew population is moderate.
- Taxon
- European yew (Taxus baccata L.)Taxus baccatae0
- Outcome
- Health conditione1
- Qualifier
- moderatee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the structure (sex, height, diameter) and vitality of European yew (Taxus baccata L.) population”
e1“Health condition of the analysed yew population is moderate”
Claim · model-written summary
Survival of yew seedlings showed problems.
- Taxon
- European yew (Taxus baccata L.)Taxus baccatae0
- Outcome
- Problems with survival of the seedlingse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the structure (sex, height, diameter) and vitality of European yew (Taxus baccata L.) population”
e1“Problems with survival of the seedlings was observed”
Claim · model-written summary
Cutting some competitors to give more light for natural regeneration is recommended as a special treatment.
- Taxon
- European yew (Taxus baccata L.)Taxus baccatae0
- Outcome
- cutting of some competitors to give more light for natural regeneratione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the structure (sex, height, diameter) and vitality of European yew (Taxus baccata L.) population”
e1“The special treatments should be recommended – cutting of some competitors to give more light for natural regeneration and fencing the greater number of yew seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Fencing the greater number of yew seedlings is recommended as a special treatment.
- Taxon
- European yew (Taxus baccata L.)Taxus baccatae0
- Outcome
- fencing the greater number of yew seedlingse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the structure (sex, height, diameter) and vitality of European yew (Taxus baccata L.) population”
e1“The special treatments should be recommended – cutting of some competitors to give more light for natural regeneration and fencing the greater number of yew seedlings”