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“decrease in density”

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Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Machine pulling, mowing, herbicide and herbicide on regrowth after pulling did not significantly decrease leafy spurge density one year after treatment.

Taxon: leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.)Euphorbia esulat0
Treatment: machine pulling, mowing, herbicide, or herbicide applied to regrowth after pullinge6
Outcome: density of leafy spurgee6
Direction: decreasede6

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

t0
“leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 163–196

e6
“None of the machine pulling, mowing, herbicide, or herbicide applied to regrowth after pulling treatments significantly decreased the density of leafy spurge one year after treatment”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1533–1715

Title

Changes in an infested plant community after an application of picloram, the effect of glyphosate on bud dormancy, the effect of pulling and the fuel potential of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.)

Bruce D. Maxwell Montana State University ScholarWorks (Montana State University) 1984

Other claims from this paper (4)

Intervention effect Picloram application decreased species diversity in the rangeland plant community.
Intervention effect Radiolabelled glyphosate was highest in root crown buds of leafy spurge plants senescing at application.
Association Higher 14C-glyphosate concentration in senescing root crown buds may be related to the number of buds released from dormancy the following summer.
Intervention effect Hand pulling leafy spurge in the bloom stage gave the most effective long-term control.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Two adult aphids per head did not significantly reduce wheat yield.

Taxon: WheatTriticum aestivumt0
Treatment: two adult aphids per heade0
Interactor: Sitobion avenae (F.)Sitobion avenaet1pest
Outcome: yielde0
Direction: no significant decreasee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“there was no significant decrease in yield at a density of two adult aphids per head”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1083–1167

t0
“Wheat Plants”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 96–108

t1
“Sitobion avenae (F.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 35–55

Title

Impact of the English Grain Aphid, Sitobion avenae (F.) (Homoptera: Aphididae), on the Yield of Wheat Plants Subjected to Water Deficits

A. Fereres; C. Gutierrez; P. Del Estal; et al. Environmental Entomology 1988. doi:10.1093/ee/17.3.596

Other claims from this paper (8)

Intervention effect Water deficits appeared to reduce aphid reproductive rates, without a significant difference.
Intervention effect Water stress was the largest significant factor reducing wheat growth and yield.
Intervention effect Water stress reduced wheat leaf stomatal conductance.
Intervention effect Six adult aphids per head reduced most wheat yield components under nonstress conditions.
Observation Treatments did not differ significantly under moderate water stress.
Intervention effect Six aphids per head reduced kernel weight by up to 39.3% under severe water stress relative to noninfested plants.
Association Aphid-associated yield reduction was significantly greater under severe water stress than nonstress conditions.
Recommendation The authors suggest considering plant water status when setting the economic injury level for S. avenae in winter wheat.

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“decrease in density”

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