By research area › Development, reproduction & morphology › Method / resource

Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Safranin gentian violet stains were satisfactory.

Outcome: proved satisfactorye0
Comparator: Safranin gentian violet stainse0

Not reportedTaxon

Verbatim

e0
“Safranin gentian violet stains also proved satisfactory.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 451–507

Title

Continuity of Protoplasm in Endosperm Cells of Diospyros

Eduardo Quisumbing Botanical Gazette 1925. doi:10.1086/333558

Other claims from this paper (9)

Observation Connections in D. discolor can be seen without fixation and stain.
Observation Connections in D. Ahernii can be seen without fixation and stain.
Method / resource Bouin’s fluid satisfactorily fixed Diospyros seed endosperm.
Method / resource Haidenhain’s iron-alum haematoxylin and gold orange was the best stain combination.
Observation D. discolor had numerous connections perforating unpitted endosperm walls.
Observation D. Ahernii had numerous connections perforating unpitted endosperm walls.
Observation D. kaki had few restricted connections grouped at cell walls.
Observation D. ebenaster had few restricted connections grouped at cell walls.
Observation The connections occurred singly or in groups of two to six, with single connections thicker.

Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The first-flowering record covers ten years.

Taxon: spring flowering plantst0
Outcome: recorde0
Value: ten yearse0

Verbatim

e0
“The record now covers ten years”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 174–205

t0
“spring flowering plants”
✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · title, characters 40–63

Title

A Ten Year's Phenological Record of the Spring Flowering Plants of Henry County

H. E. Jaques UNI ScholarWorks (University of Northern Iowa) 1924

Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Pure summer squash lines differing in fruit shape were isolated.

Taxon: Cucurbita PepoCucurbita pepot0
Outcome: Pure lines of summer squashes differing in fruit shapee0
Value: Pure linese0

Verbatim

e0
“Pure lines of summer squashes differing in fruit shape have been isolated”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 3–76

t0
“Cucurbita Pepo”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 30–44

Title

Inheritance of Fruit Shape in Cucurbita Pepo. I

Edmund W. Sinnott Botanical Gazette 1922. doi:10.1086/333057

Other claims from this paper (7)

Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Reverted black currant leaves could be identified, including slight cases, by submain vein counts and margin points.

Taxon: BLACK CURRANTSt0
Outcome: reverted leaves may be identifiede0
Comparator: normalitye0

Verbatim

e0
“A means is indicated whereby reverted leaves may be identified even in very slight cases or where the leaves have almost regained normality. This method depends (a) on counting the number of submain veins running from the midrib to points in the margin, and (b) on observation of the margin points”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 10–307

t0
“BLACK CURRANTS”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 27–41

Title

LEAF CHARACTER IN REVERTED BLACK CURRANTS

A. H. Lees Annals of Applied Biology 1922. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.1922.tb05935.x

Other claims from this paper (4)

Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Stage counts and classification in microscopic fields were presented as a valid method for measuring mitotic stage durations.

Taxon: common oniont0
Outcome: generality and vaUditye0

Not reportedValue

Verbatim

e0
“The calculations and comparisons shown on the accompanying Method Chart demonstrate the generality and vaUdity, for the purpose designed, of the principle so based, and which is employed in determining the measurements reported in this paper.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 779–1021

t0
“common onion”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 70–82

Title

Durations of the several mitotic stages in the root -tip cells of the common onion

Harry Hamilton Laughlin Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Institutional Repository (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) 1919

Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The optic lever magnified plant growth movement 1000 to 10,000 times.

Outcome: movement of growthe0
Value: 1000 to 10,000 timese0

Verbatim

e0
“The reflected spot of light magnified the movement of growth from 1000 to 10,000 times.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1032–1119

Title

Researches on growth and movement in plants by means of the high magnification crescograph

Jagadis Chunder Bose; Guruprasanna Das Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Containing Papers of a Biological Character 1919. doi:10.1098/rspb.1919.0001

Other claims from this paper (1)

Method / resource The instrument produced a curve of growth movement against time.

Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The instrument produced a curve of growth movement against time.

Outcome: growth-movemente0
Comparator: timee0

Not reportedValue

Verbatim

e0
“Hence a curve was obtained whose ordinate gave growth-movement, and abcissa time.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1404–1485

Title

Researches on growth and movement in plants by means of the high magnification crescograph

Jagadis Chunder Bose; Guruprasanna Das Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Containing Papers of a Biological Character 1919. doi:10.1098/rspb.1919.0001

Other claims from this paper (1)

Method / resource The optic lever magnified plant growth movement 1000 to 10,000 times.

Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Results demonstrated feasibility of resolving internode length into simpler characters.

Taxon: Phaseolus multiflorus Willd.Phaseolus coccineuse1
Outcome: feasibility of resolving internode length into less complex characterse0
Qualifier: etiolated epicotyle1

Not reportedComparatorValue

Verbatim

e0
“the results demonstrate the feasibility of resolving internode length into less complex characters”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1681–1779

e1
“The etiolated epicotyl of Phaseolus multiflorus Willd.was chosen”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1537–1601

Title

CELL MEASUREMENT AS AN AID IN THE ANALYSIS OF QUANTITATIVE VARIATION

Wilber Brotherton; H. H. Bartlett American Journal of Botany 1918. doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1918.tb05494.x

Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Pollen tubes removed from style and stigma could grow in nutrient solutions.

Taxon: IrisIrist0
Outcome: grow pollen tubes in nutrient solutionse0
Comparator: style and stigmae0

Verbatim

e0
“It is possible to remove pollen tubes from style and stigma and to grow pollen tubes in nutrient solutions”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 110–216

t0
“Iris”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 35–39

Title

Pollen Tube and Spermatogenesis in Iris

M. Louise Sawyer Botanical Gazette 1917. doi:10.1086/332101

Other claims from this paper (8)

Observation The Iris versicolor pollen tube grows through a longitudinal groove in the style.
Observation Pollen-tube growth rate accelerated.
Observation Pollen tubes sometimes branched.
Observation A pollen grain sometimes produced two tubes.
Observation The generative cell was elongated and pointed, and could precede the tube nucleus.
Observation Male nuclei were usually produced after the generative cell entered the tube.
Observation Male nuclei were seen free in the pollen tube after leaving generative cytoplasm.
Observation Male nuclei were observed in the embryo sac 79 hours after pollination.

Method / resourceauthor interpretationoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Terminal bud formation and leaf fall indicate maturity fairly accurately, with some exceptions.

Taxon: appleMalus domesticat0
Organ / stage: terminal budse0
Outcome: maturitye0
Qualifier: except in case of a few varietiese0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“By noting the formation of terminal buds and the time of leaf fall a pretty accurate idea of maturity can be secured, except in case of a few varieties.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1757–1909

t0
“apple”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 17–22

Title

Hardiness in the apple as correlated with structure and composition

S. A. Beach; F. W. Allen Iowa State University Digital Repository (Iowa State University) 1915

Other claims from this paper (19)

Association Hardness tests showed some correlation with hardiness, with exceptions.
Association Northern twigs generally were no harder than twigs from Iowa or farther south.
Association Dry wood specific gravity closely corresponded with mechanical hardness tests.
Association Twigs of the same variety varied in specific gravity across sources.
Observation Twigs of the same variety and source gave fairly uniform test results.
Association Twig specific gravity varied with position along the twig.
Observation Tenderer, later maturing varieties had greatest specific gravity near the tip.
Association Earlier maturing varieties increased in specific gravity farther from the tip.
Association Wood maturity when cold starts strongly affects cold hardiness.
Association Hardier varieties averaged slightly less moisture than tenderer varieties.
Association Tenderer varieties evaporated water more readily than hardy varieties.
Observation After very cold weather, hardy varieties generally held the most twig moisture.
Mechanism Bark thickness and structure partly explained evaporation rate.
Observation Most hardy varieties stored abundant starch in pith and medullary rays, except Malus ioensis.
Association Large, thick petals were correlated with hardiness.
Intervention effect A sudden temperature drop was more injurious than the absolute degree of cold.
Intervention effect All twigs not previously dried were injured at -10 degrees F. for 20 minutes.
Observation Hardier varieties had less freezing injury than tenderer varieties.
Method / resource No single test could yet predict constitutional hardiness of an apple seedling.

Method / resource 44,457 claims

44,457 claims