Claim · model-written summary
Hardness tests showed some correlation with hardiness, with exceptions.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticat0 - Outcome
- correlation between hardiness and hardnesse0
- Qualifier
- exceptions were founde0
- Comparator
- hardnesse0
Not reportedMaterialGeneCompoundOrgan / stageInteractorInteractor roleSecond interactorSecond interactor roleTreatmentSettingDirectionValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The cutting, compression and penetration tests seemed to indicate some correlation between hardiness and hardness, but exceptions were found.”
t0“apple”
Title
Hardiness in the apple as correlated with structure and composition
S. A. Beach; F. W. Allen Iowa State University Digital Repository (Iowa State University) 1915
Other claims from this paper (19)
- Association Northern twigs generally were no harder than twigs from Iowa or farther south.
- Association Dry wood specific gravity closely corresponded with mechanical hardness tests.
- Association Twigs of the same variety varied in specific gravity across sources.
- Observation Twigs of the same variety and source gave fairly uniform test results.
- Association Twig specific gravity varied with position along the twig.
- Observation Tenderer, later maturing varieties had greatest specific gravity near the tip.
- Association Earlier maturing varieties increased in specific gravity farther from the tip.
- Association Wood maturity when cold starts strongly affects cold hardiness.
- Method / resource Terminal bud formation and leaf fall indicate maturity fairly accurately, with some exceptions.
- Association Hardier varieties averaged slightly less moisture than tenderer varieties.
- Association Tenderer varieties evaporated water more readily than hardy varieties.
- Observation After very cold weather, hardy varieties generally held the most twig moisture.
- Mechanism Bark thickness and structure partly explained evaporation rate.
- Observation Most hardy varieties stored abundant starch in pith and medullary rays, except Malus ioensis.
- Association Large, thick petals were correlated with hardiness.
- Intervention effect A sudden temperature drop was more injurious than the absolute degree of cold.
- Intervention effect All twigs not previously dried were injured at -10 degrees F. for 20 minutes.
- Observation Hardier varieties had less freezing injury than tenderer varieties.
- Method / resource No single test could yet predict constitutional hardiness of an apple seedling.