Malus domestica 135,975 claims

species · family Rosaceae · green plant · NCBI Taxonomy ↗

Common name: apple — Also written in claims: apple · apples · apple trees · apple tree · apple fruit · apple cultivars — NCBI synonyms: Malus communis · Malus praecox · Malus pumila auct. · Malus pumila var. domestica · Malus sylvestris var. domestica · Malus x domestica

Listed here with its subspecies, varieties and cultivar groups: Malus domestica subsp. chinensis (4 claims)

612 spellings

Questions studied on this organism1,923 questions99 with results that differ5,401 papers

Malus domesticaW.carter · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

135,975 claims

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Observationobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Lignin content increased significantly during apple fruit russeting with mechanical damage.

Taxon: appleMalus domesticae0
Treatment: mechanical damagee0
Outcome: lignin contente0
Direction: increasede0

Verbatim

e0
“the lignin content increased significantly during apple fruit russeting with mechanical damage”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 244–338

Title

MYB14– PAL1 Modulates the Role of Jasmonic Acid in the Biosynthesis of Lignin in Apple Fruit Russeting Induced by Mechanical Damage

Ziyan Zhang; Huaina Gao; Chao Xu; et al. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2026. doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.5c12408

Other claims from this paper (6)

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Expression of structural genes in lignin biosynthetic pathways increased in russeted apple fruits, especially MdPAL1.

Taxon: appleMalus domesticat0
Gene: MdPAL1e0
Outcome: expression of structural genes in lignin biosynthetic pathwayse0
Direction: increasede0

Verbatim

e0
“The expression of structural genes in lignin biosynthetic pathways in russeted fruits increased, especially MdPAL1”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 340–454

t0
“Apple Fruit Russeting”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 81–102

Title

MYB14– PAL1 Modulates the Role of Jasmonic Acid in the Biosynthesis of Lignin in Apple Fruit Russeting Induced by Mechanical Damage

Ziyan Zhang; Huaina Gao; Chao Xu; et al. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2026. doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.5c12408

Other claims from this paper (6)

Observation Lignin content increased significantly during apple fruit russeting with mechanical damage.
Intervention effect The transcription factor MdMYB14 was induced by jasmonic acid in apple.
Mechanism MdMYB14 bound to the P1 site of the AC element in the MdPAL1 promoter and activated MdPAL1 expression.
Observation The content of various jasmonates increased in russeted apple fruits.
Intervention effect The lignin content of apple increased after jasmonic acid treatment.
Mechanism MdMYB14 positively regulated lignin biosynthesis in apple, partially depending on MdPAL1.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The transcription factor MdMYB14 was induced by jasmonic acid in apple.

Taxon: appleMalus domesticat0
Treatment: JAe0
Gene: MdMYB14e0
Outcome: MdMYB14e0
Direction: inducede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“The transcription factor MdMYB14 was induced by JA”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 457–507

t0
“Apple Fruit Russeting”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 81–102

Title

MYB14– PAL1 Modulates the Role of Jasmonic Acid in the Biosynthesis of Lignin in Apple Fruit Russeting Induced by Mechanical Damage

Ziyan Zhang; Huaina Gao; Chao Xu; et al. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2026. doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.5c12408

Other claims from this paper (6)

Mechanismobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

MdMYB14 bound to the P1 site of the AC element in the MdPAL1 promoter and activated MdPAL1 expression.

Taxon: appleMalus domesticat0
Gene: MdMYB14e0
Outcome: activate its expressione0
Qualifier: bound to the P1 site of the AC element in MdPAL1 promotere0

Verbatim

e0
“The transcription factor MdMYB14 was induced by JA and bound to the P1 site of the AC element in MdPAL1 promoter to activate its expression”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 457–596

t0
“Apple Fruit Russeting”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 81–102

Title

MYB14– PAL1 Modulates the Role of Jasmonic Acid in the Biosynthesis of Lignin in Apple Fruit Russeting Induced by Mechanical Damage

Ziyan Zhang; Huaina Gao; Chao Xu; et al. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2026. doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.5c12408

Other claims from this paper (6)

Observation Lignin content increased significantly during apple fruit russeting with mechanical damage.
Observation Expression of structural genes in lignin biosynthetic pathways increased in russeted apple fruits, especially MdPAL1.
Intervention effect The transcription factor MdMYB14 was induced by jasmonic acid in apple.
Observation The content of various jasmonates increased in russeted apple fruits.
Intervention effect The lignin content of apple increased after jasmonic acid treatment.
Mechanism MdMYB14 positively regulated lignin biosynthesis in apple, partially depending on MdPAL1.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The content of various jasmonates increased in russeted apple fruits.

Taxon: appleMalus domesticat0
Organ / stage: russeted fruitse0
Outcome: content of various jasmonatese0
Direction: increasede0

Verbatim

e0
“The content of various jasmonates increased in russeted fruits”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 598–660

t0
“Apple Fruit Russeting”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 81–102

Title

MYB14– PAL1 Modulates the Role of Jasmonic Acid in the Biosynthesis of Lignin in Apple Fruit Russeting Induced by Mechanical Damage

Ziyan Zhang; Huaina Gao; Chao Xu; et al. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2026. doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.5c12408

Other claims from this paper (6)

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The lignin content of apple increased after jasmonic acid treatment.

Taxon: appleMalus domesticae0
Treatment: JA treatmente0
Outcome: lignin contente0
Direction: increasede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“the lignin content of apple increased after JA treatment”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 666–722

Title

MYB14– PAL1 Modulates the Role of Jasmonic Acid in the Biosynthesis of Lignin in Apple Fruit Russeting Induced by Mechanical Damage

Ziyan Zhang; Huaina Gao; Chao Xu; et al. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2026. doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.5c12408

Other claims from this paper (6)

Mechanismobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

MdMYB14 positively regulated lignin biosynthesis in apple, partially depending on MdPAL1.

Taxon: appleMalus domesticat0
Gene: MdMYB14e0
Outcome: lignin biosynthesise0
Qualifier: partially depended on MdPAL1e0

Verbatim

e0
“MdMYB14 positively regulated lignin biosynthesis, which partially depended on MdPAL1”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 724–808

t0
“Apple Fruit Russeting”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 81–102

Title

MYB14– PAL1 Modulates the Role of Jasmonic Acid in the Biosynthesis of Lignin in Apple Fruit Russeting Induced by Mechanical Damage

Ziyan Zhang; Huaina Gao; Chao Xu; et al. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2026. doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.5c12408

Other claims from this paper (6)

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Transcriptome analysis showed the most pronounced responses among biological processes in inoculated apples under blue LED light.

Taxon: applesMalus domesticae0
Treatment: BLLe0
Interactor: Penicillium expansumPenicillium expansumt1pathogen
Outcome: most pronounced responses among biological processese0
Qualifier: inoculated applese0

Verbatim

t1
“Penicillium expansum”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 66–86

e0
“Transcriptome analysis revealed that the most pronounced responses among biological processes were observed in inoculated apples under BLL”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 380–518

Title

Transcriptomic Insight into Early Response of Apple Infected with Penicillium expansum Exposed to Blue LED Light

Nik Mahnič; Urban Kunej; Jernej Jakše; et al. Agronomy 2026. doi:10.3390/agronomy16020246

Other claims from this paper (7)

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Upregulated processes in apples included water transport, response to heat and response to high light intensity.

Taxon: AppleMalus domesticat0
Outcome: water transport, response to heat, and response to high light intensitye0
Direction: upregulatede0

Verbatim

t0
“Apple”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 46–51

e0
“The upregulated processes included water transport, response to heat, and response to high light intensity”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 520–626

Title

Transcriptomic Insight into Early Response of Apple Infected with Penicillium expansum Exposed to Blue LED Light

Nik Mahnič; Urban Kunej; Jernej Jakše; et al. Agronomy 2026. doi:10.3390/agronomy16020246

Other claims from this paper (7)

Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The defence response of apples was enhanced by upregulation of thaumatin-like proteins and caffeic acid 3-O-methyltransferase.

Taxon: applesMalus domesticae0
Gene: thaumatin-like proteins and caffeic acid 3-O-methyltransferasee0
Outcome: defence responsee0
Direction: enhancede0

Verbatim

e0
“The defence response of apples was enhanced by the upregulation of thaumatin-like proteins and caffeic acid 3-O-methyltransferase”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 628–757

Title

Transcriptomic Insight into Early Response of Apple Infected with Penicillium expansum Exposed to Blue LED Light

Nik Mahnič; Urban Kunej; Jernej Jakše; et al. Agronomy 2026. doi:10.3390/agronomy16020246

Other claims from this paper (7)