By interacting organism › Fungi › Aspergillaceae › Penicillium expansum

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Transcriptome analysis showed the most pronounced responses among biological processes in inoculated apples under blue LED light.

Taxon: applesMalus domesticae0
Treatment: BLLe0
Interactor: Penicillium expansumPenicillium expansumt1pathogen
Outcome: most pronounced responses among biological processese0
Qualifier: inoculated applese0

Verbatim

t1
“Penicillium expansum”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 66–86

e0
“Transcriptome analysis revealed that the most pronounced responses among biological processes were observed in inoculated apples under BLL”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 380–518

Title

Transcriptomic Insight into Early Response of Apple Infected with Penicillium expansum Exposed to Blue LED Light

Nik Mahnič; Urban Kunej; Jernej Jakše; et al. Agronomy 2026. doi:10.3390/agronomy16020246

Other claims from this paper (7)

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

In P. expansum grown on apples under BLL, genes related to signalling, response to organic compounds and regulation of metabolic and biosynthetic processes were downregulated.

Taxon: applesMalus domesticae0
Treatment: BLLe0
Interactor: P. expansumPenicillium expansume0pathogen
Outcome: genes related to signalling, response to organic compounds, and regulation of metabolic and biosynthetic processese0
Direction: downregulatione0

Verbatim

e0
“In P. expansum grown on apples under BLL, transcriptome analysis revealed downregulation of genes related to signalling, response to organic compounds, and regulation of metabolic and biosynthetic processes”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 888–1094

Title

Transcriptomic Insight into Early Response of Apple Infected with Penicillium expansum Exposed to Blue LED Light

Nik Mahnič; Urban Kunej; Jernej Jakše; et al. Agronomy 2026. doi:10.3390/agronomy16020246

Other claims from this paper (7)

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

In P. expansum grown on apples under BLL, genes involved in biosynthesis of secondary metabolites were upregulated.

Taxon: applesMalus domesticae0
Treatment: BLLe0
Interactor: P. expansumPenicillium expansume0pathogen
Outcome: genes involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolitese1
Direction: upregulatede1

Verbatim

e0
“P. expansum grown on apples under BLL”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 891–928

e1
“genes involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites were upregulated”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1102–1178

Title

Transcriptomic Insight into Early Response of Apple Infected with Penicillium expansum Exposed to Blue LED Light

Nik Mahnič; Urban Kunej; Jernej Jakše; et al. Agronomy 2026. doi:10.3390/agronomy16020246

Other claims from this paper (7)

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Expression of patulin cluster genes was predominantly downregulated in P. expansum.

Taxon: AppleMalus domesticat0
Interactor: P. expansumPenicillium expansume0pathogen
Gene: patulin cluster genese0
Outcome: expressione0
Direction: downregulatede0

Verbatim

t0
“Apple”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 46–51

e0
“the expression of patulin cluster genes was predominantly downregulated in P. expansum”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1193–1279

Title

Transcriptomic Insight into Early Response of Apple Infected with Penicillium expansum Exposed to Blue LED Light

Nik Mahnič; Urban Kunej; Jernej Jakše; et al. Agronomy 2026. doi:10.3390/agronomy16020246

Other claims from this paper (7)

Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The authors conclude that upregulation of genes related to cryptochrome inhibition, defence response and caffeic acid metabolism in apples under BLL, together with reduced P. expansum virulence, contributes to inhibition of fungal growth.

Taxon: applesMalus domesticae0
Treatment: BLLe0
Interactor: P. expansumPenicillium expansume0pathogen
Gene: genes related to cryptochrome inhibition, defence response, and caffeic acid metabolisme0
Outcome: inhibition of fungal growthe0

Verbatim

e0
“The significant upregulation of genes related to cryptochrome inhibition, defence response, and caffeic acid metabolism in apples under BLL, together with the reduced virulence of P. expansum, contributes to the inhibition of fungal growth”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1281–1520

Title

Transcriptomic Insight into Early Response of Apple Infected with Penicillium expansum Exposed to Blue LED Light

Nik Mahnič; Urban Kunej; Jernej Jakše; et al. Agronomy 2026. doi:10.3390/agronomy16020246

Other claims from this paper (7)

Observationobservedreview summarybasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

P. expansum, P. digitatum and P. italicum are the main causal agents of blue mold and green mold rots in pome fruits and citrus.

Taxon: pome fruits and citruse0
Interactor: P. expansumPenicillium expansume0pathogen
Second interactor: P. digitatumPenicillium digitatume0pathogen
Outcome: blue mold and green mold rotse0

Verbatim

e0
“Emphasis is placed on P. expansum, P. digitatum, and P. italicum which are the main causal agents of blue mold and green mold rots in pome fruits and citrus”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 298–454

Title

An Overview of Major Penicillium Species Associated with Plant Diseases

Latiffah Zakaria Journal of Fungi 2026. doi:10.3390/jof12040286

Other claims from this paper (2)

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Penicillium expansum required wounds to infect apple.

Taxon: appleMalus domesticae1
Treatment: woundse1
Interactor: Penicillium expansumPenicillium expansume1pathogen
Outcome: required woundse1
Comparator: non-wounded inoculationse2

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e1
“Others, such as Penicillium expansum (apple), Talaromyces aculeatus and Fusarium falciforme (lemon), required wounds”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1197–1313

e2
“Pathogenicity was assessed on corresponding healthy hosts using wounded and non-wounded inoculations”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 621–721

Title

Molecular and pathogenic profiles of postharvest fungal pathogens in imported fruits and vegetables in Oman

Ratiba Al-Maaini; Rethinasamy Velazhahan; Hamed H. Al-Nadabi; et al. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences 2026. doi:10.1007/s44447-026-00159-3

Other claims from this paper (12)

Observation Mucor irregularis infected intact zucchini tissue.
Observation Fusarium inflexum infected intact banana tissue.
Intervention effect Talaromyces aculeatus and Fusarium falciforme required wounds to infect lemon.
Observation On tomato, Penicillium oxalicum produced the largest lesions regardless of wounding.
Intervention effect A wounding effect was detected on grape for isolate GL88.
Observation Twenty-seven isolates were resolved into 19 species across nine genera.
Observation Penicillium (9 isolates) dominated the isolates.
Observation Aspergillus (5 isolates) dominated the isolates.
Observation Fusarium (4 isolates) dominated the isolates.
Observation Talaromyces (4 isolates) dominated the isolates.
Recommendation Effective biosecurity measures and careful handling are critical to limit transboundary risks of postharvest fungal decay.
Observation Fruits and vegetables act as vehicles for fungal pathogens that cross borders.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

In vitro, the combined application of WaC and Bs at a 4:1 ratio better reduced P. expansum colony diameters.

Taxon: table grapese0
Treatment: combined application of WaC and Bse2
Interactor: P. expansumPenicillium expansume2pathogen
Second interactor: WaCe2biocontrol_agent
Outcome: P. expansum colony diameterse2
Direction: reducese2
Qualifier: at a 4:1 ratioe2
Setting: in vitroe2

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Blue mold decay caused by Penicillium expansum is a major disease of table grapes”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–81

e2
“An in vitro study showed that the combined application of WaC and Bs better reduces P. expansum colony diameters at a 4:1 ratio”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 830–957

Title

Combined Application of Chitosan-Induced Wickerhamomyces anomalus and Bacillus subtilis to Control Blue Mold Disease of Table Grapes

Esa Abiso Godana; Gerefa Sefu Edo; Habiba Lawal; et al. Foods 2026. doi:10.3390/foods15101630

Other claims from this paper (11)

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

At the 4:1 combined ratio, the pathogen spore germination was maximally suppressed (62% reduction).

Taxon: table grapese0
Treatment: combined application of WaC and Bse2
Interactor: P. expansumPenicillium expansume2pathogen
Outcome: pathogen spore germinatione3
Direction: suppressede3
Value: 62%e3
Setting: in vitroe2

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Blue mold decay caused by Penicillium expansum is a major disease of table grapes”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–81

e2
“An in vitro study showed that the combined application of WaC and Bs better reduces P. expansum colony diameters at a 4:1 ratio”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 830–957

e3
“This ratio also maximally suppressed the pathogen spore germination (62% reduction) and germ tube elongation (67% reduction)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 959–1083

Title

Combined Application of Chitosan-Induced Wickerhamomyces anomalus and Bacillus subtilis to Control Blue Mold Disease of Table Grapes

Esa Abiso Godana; Gerefa Sefu Edo; Habiba Lawal; et al. Foods 2026. doi:10.3390/foods15101630

Other claims from this paper (11)

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

At the 4:1 combined ratio, germ tube elongation was maximally suppressed (67% reduction).

Taxon: table grapese0
Treatment: combined application of WaC and Bse2
Interactor: P. expansumPenicillium expansume2pathogen
Outcome: germ tube elongatione3
Direction: suppressede3
Value: 67%e3
Setting: in vitroe2

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Blue mold decay caused by Penicillium expansum is a major disease of table grapes”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–81

e2
“An in vitro study showed that the combined application of WaC and Bs better reduces P. expansum colony diameters at a 4:1 ratio”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 830–957

e3
“This ratio also maximally suppressed the pathogen spore germination (62% reduction) and germ tube elongation (67% reduction)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 959–1083

Title

Combined Application of Chitosan-Induced Wickerhamomyces anomalus and Bacillus subtilis to Control Blue Mold Disease of Table Grapes

Esa Abiso Godana; Gerefa Sefu Edo; Habiba Lawal; et al. Foods 2026. doi:10.3390/foods15101630

Other claims from this paper (11)

Penicillium expansum 1,574 claims

1,574 claims