Malus domestica 135,975 claims

species · family Rosaceae · green plant · NCBI Taxonomy ↗

Common name: apple — Also written in claims: apple · apples · apple trees · apple tree · apple fruit · apple cultivars — NCBI synonyms: Malus communis · Malus praecox · Malus pumila auct. · Malus pumila var. domestica · Malus sylvestris var. domestica · Malus x domestica

Listed here with its subspecies, varieties and cultivar groups: Malus domestica subsp. chinensis (4 claims)

612 spellings

Questions studied on this organism1,923 questions99 with results that differ5,401 papers

Malus domesticaW.carter · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

135,975 claims

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Mechanismobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The MdERF17-MdbHLH149-MdAMY1 module acts downstream of ethylene signalling to control starch degradation.

Taxon: appleMalus domesticat0
Gene: MdERF17-MdbHLH149-MdAMY1 modulee0
Outcome: starch degradatione0
Qualifier: downstream of ethylene signallinge0

Verbatim

t0
“in Apple”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 133–141

e0
“the MdERF17-MdbHLH149-MdAMY1 module acts downstream of ethylene signalling to control starch degradation”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1056–1160

Title

The MdERF17–MdbHLH149 Module Mediates Ethylene‐Induced Starch Degradation Through the Transcriptional Repression of α‐Amylase MdAMY1 in Apple

Fan Xiao; Chu‐Kun Wang; Jiu‐Cheng Zhang; et al. Plant Biotechnology Journal 2026. doi:10.1111/pbi.70561

Other claims from this paper (5)

Mechanismobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

PbeNAC72, an NAC transcription factor responsive to Valsa canker signals in Pyrus betulifolia, positively regulates resistance in apple and pear fruits.

Taxon: apple and pearMalus domestica Pyrus communise0
Gene: PbeNAC72e0
Outcome: resistancee0

Verbatim

e0
“PbeNAC72, an NAC transcription factor responsive to Valsa canker signals in Pyrus betulifolia, positively regulates resistance in apple and pear fruits”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 364–515

Title

Hormonal Signals and DNA Replication Are Involved in the Positive Regulation of PbeNAC72 on Valsa Canker Resistance in Pyrus betulifolia

Wenhui Wang; Huanhuan Hu; Yatao Li; et al. Horticulturae 2026. doi:10.3390/horticulturae12020171

Other claims from this paper (5)

Observationobservedreview summarybasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Apples have a dual carbon transport system that ensures a more stable and efficient supply of sugars to sinks.

Taxon: applesMalus domesticae0
Outcome: dual carbon transport systeme0

Verbatim

e0
“A dual carbon transport system in apples ensures a more stable and efficient supply of sugars to the sinks”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1054–1160

Title

Role of non-structural carbohydrates in the sustainable production of apples (Malus domestica)

Reema Prakash; Oluyoye Idowu; Bruno Holzapfel; et al. Functional Plant Biology 2026. doi:10.1071/fp25232

Other claims from this paper (2)

Mechanismauthor interpretationreview summarybasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

In apples carbohydrates perform essential roles in signalling, flower formation, floral metabolism, pollination, fruit set, fruit development, fruit metabolism and fruit quality.

Taxon: applesMalus domesticae0
Compound: carbohydratese1
Outcome: flower formation, floral metabolism, pollination, fruit set, fruit development, fruit metabolism, and fruit quality enhancemente1

Verbatim

e0
“A dual carbon transport system in apples ensures a more stable and efficient supply of sugars to the sinks”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1054–1160

e1
“enables carbohydrates to perform essential roles in signalling, structural support during flower formation, floral metabolism, pollination, fruit set, fruit development, fruit metabolism, and fruit quality enhancement”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1165–1382

Title

Role of non-structural carbohydrates in the sustainable production of apples (Malus domestica)

Reema Prakash; Oluyoye Idowu; Bruno Holzapfel; et al. Functional Plant Biology 2026. doi:10.1071/fp25232

Other claims from this paper (2)

Recommendationauthor interpretationreview summarybasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Fruit thinning strategies should be implemented more efficiently and at the earliest possible time in the reproductive phase of apple.

Taxon: Malus domesticaMalus domesticat0
Outcome: fruit thinning strategies at the earliest possible timee0

Verbatim

e0
“calls for a more efficient implementation of fruit thinning strategies at the earliest possible time during the reproductive phase”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1477–1607

t0
“apples (Malus domestica)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 70–94

Title

Role of non-structural carbohydrates in the sustainable production of apples (Malus domestica)

Reema Prakash; Oluyoye Idowu; Bruno Holzapfel; et al. Functional Plant Biology 2026. doi:10.1071/fp25232

Other claims from this paper (2)

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

O. basilicum significantly reduced G. molesta fruit infestation and egg laying.

Taxon: AppleMalus domesticat0
Treatment: O. basilicume0
Interactor: G. molestaGrapholita molestae0pest
Outcome: fruit infestation and egg layinge0
Direction: reducede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“O. basilicum repelled G. molesta and significantly reduced fruit infestation and egg laying”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 368–459

t0
“Apple Fruit Infestation Rate”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 111–139

Title

Volatile Compounds Emitted by Ocimum basilicum Repel Grapholita molesta , Reducing the Egg-Laying Activity and Apple Fruit Infestation Rate

Yunhe Zhang; Xiaotong Zhou; Wenhui Zhang; et al. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2026. doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.6c02260

Other claims from this paper (7)

Intervention effect Ocimum basilicum repelled Grapholita molesta in olfactory tests.
Observation GC-MS and GC-EAD analysis of O. basilicum headspace volatiles identified four key components.
Intervention effect 6-methylhept-5-en-2-one mediated the repellent effect and significantly reduced G. molesta fruit infestation and egg production.
Intervention effect 2-ethyltoluene mediated the repellent effect and significantly reduced G. molesta fruit infestation and egg production.
Intervention effect styrene mediated the repellent effect and significantly reduced G. molesta fruit infestation and egg production.
Intervention effect ethyl carbonate mediated the repellent effect and significantly reduced G. molesta fruit infestation and egg production.
Intervention effect 6-Methylhept-5-en-2-one was the most effective compound, decreasing fruit infestation in the field and lab and total egg production.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

A standard fungicide spray regimen gave substantial control of bitter rot in apple compared with the untreated control.

Taxon: Malus × domesticaMalus domesticae0
Material: Royal Empiree0
Treatment: standard regimene1
Outcome: bitter rote1
Direction: substantial controle1
Comparator: untreated controle1
Setting: Blairsville, GAe0

Verbatim

e0
“in 2025 in Blairsville, GA, on a 24-year-old block of Malus × domestica ‘Royal Empire’”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 309–395

e1
“The standard regimen performed as expected, providing substantial control of bitter rot compared with the untreated control”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 493–616

Title

Efficacy of Fungicides for Control of Apple Bitter Rot in Georgia, 2025

O. Melton; W. Shepard; S. Breeden; et al. Plant Health Progress 2026. doi:10.1094/php-10-25-0248-pdmr

Other claims from this paper (2)

Intervention effect Axios showed some efficacy against bitter rot but did not achieve control comparable to the chemical standard regimen.
Intervention effect Bacix showed no efficacy against bitter rot in this trial.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmixedmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Axios showed some efficacy against bitter rot but did not achieve control comparable to the chemical standard regimen.

Taxon: Malus × domesticaMalus domesticae0
Material: Royal Empiree0
Treatment: Axiose2
Outcome: controle2
Direction: did not achieve control comparablee2
Comparator: chemical standard regimene2
Setting: Blairsville, GAe0

Verbatim

e0
“in 2025 in Blairsville, GA, on a 24-year-old block of Malus × domestica ‘Royal Empire’”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 309–395

e2
“Axios, while showing some efficacy, did not achieve control comparable to that of the chemical standard regimen”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 618–729

Title

Efficacy of Fungicides for Control of Apple Bitter Rot in Georgia, 2025

O. Melton; W. Shepard; S. Breeden; et al. Plant Health Progress 2026. doi:10.1094/php-10-25-0248-pdmr

Other claims from this paper (2)

Intervention effect A standard fungicide spray regimen gave substantial control of bitter rot in apple compared with the untreated control.
Intervention effect Bacix showed no efficacy against bitter rot in this trial.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Bacix showed no efficacy against bitter rot in this trial.

Taxon: Malus × domesticaMalus domesticae0
Material: Royal Empiree0
Treatment: Bacixe3
Outcome: efficacy against bitter rote3
Direction: no efficacye3
Setting: Blairsville, GAe0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“in 2025 in Blairsville, GA, on a 24-year-old block of Malus × domestica ‘Royal Empire’”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 309–395

e3
“Bacix showed no efficacy against bitter rot in this trial”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 731–788

Title

Efficacy of Fungicides for Control of Apple Bitter Rot in Georgia, 2025

O. Melton; W. Shepard; S. Breeden; et al. Plant Health Progress 2026. doi:10.1094/php-10-25-0248-pdmr

Other claims from this paper (2)

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The zeolite 3 kg per tree plus peanut shell compost 500 g per tree treatment (Z4P3) gave a leaf area of 22.22 cm2 in apple trees.

Taxon: apple treesMalus domesticat0
Treatment: interaction treatment (Z4P3)e0
Outcome: leaf areae1
Direction: increaseinferrede1
Value: 22.22 cm2e1

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

t0
“apple trees”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 29–40

e0
“interaction treatment (Z4P3)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 814–842

e1
“when interaction treatment (Z4P3) were given 22.22 cm2, 29.82 cm, 31.92 mg.g-1 fresh weight, and 36.06 % as leaf area, increase in shoot length, leaves chlorophyll content, and leaf dry weight, respectively”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 809–1015

Title

Growth, yield performance of apple trees by adding some organic treatments

mohamed El-Sherpiny; Mustafa AL-Hadethi Kirkuk University Journal For Agricultural Sciences 2026. doi:10.58928/ku26.17124

Other claims from this paper (12)

Intervention effect Z4P3 gave a shoot length increase of 29.82 cm in apple trees.
Intervention effect Z4P3 gave a leaf chlorophyll content of 31.92 mg g-1 fresh weight in apple trees.
Intervention effect Z4P3 gave a leaf dry weight of 36.06 % in apple trees.
Intervention effect Z4P3 gave a leaf N content of 2.00 % in apple trees.
Intervention effect Z4P3 gave a leaf P content of 0.430 % in apple trees.
Intervention effect Z4P3 gave a leaf K content of 1.88 % in apple trees.
Intervention effect Z4P3 gave a leaf Fe content of 97.50 mg kg-1 in apple trees.
Intervention effect Z4P3 gave a fruit weight of 41.23 g in apple trees.
Intervention effect Z4P3 gave a fruit diameter of 4.12 cm in apple trees.
Intervention effect Z4P3 gave a tree yield of 25.00 kg in apple trees.
Intervention effect Z4P3 gave a total soluble solids content of 11.74 % in apple trees.
Intervention effect The authors conclude that adding zeolite, especially combined with peanut shell compost, improved soil element availability and had a positive impact on vegetative and fruit growth characteristics of apple trees.