Claim · model-written summary
Lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl levels were elevated in Culex pipiens, reflecting severe oxidative stress.
- Taxon
- Araucaria heterophylla and Azadirachta indica
Araucaria heterophylla.jpg?width=60)
Azadirachta indicae0 - Interactor
- Culex pipiens
Culex pipiense0pest - Outcome
- lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl levelse2
- Direction
- Elevatede2
Not reportedMaterialGeneCompoundOrgan / stageSecond interactorSecond interactor roleTreatmentComparatorSettingValueQualifier
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
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Verbatim
e0“nanoemulsion formulations of Araucaria heterophylla and Azadirachta indica leaf extracts were developed to enhance their insecticidal efficacy against Culex pipiens”
e2“Elevated lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl levels reflected severe oxidative stress, with A. indica nanoemulsion inducing the most potent effects”
Title
Lamya Ahmed Alkeridis; Laila Ali M. Al-shuraym; Hend M. Alharbi; et al. Scientific Reports 2026. doi:10.1038/s41598-026-47487-6
Other claims from this paper (14)
- Observation Nanoemulsions were confirmed as stable nanoscale droplets with spherical morphology.
- Intervention effect Nanoemulsions significantly inhibited the detoxification enzymes acetylcholinesterase and alpha- and beta-esterases in Culex pipiens.
- Intervention effect Nanoemulsions significantly inhibited the metabolic enzymes GABA-T, amylase and lipase in Culex pipiens.
- Intervention effect Nanoemulsions significantly inhibited the antioxidant enzymes SOD, GST and CAT in Culex pipiens.
- Intervention effect Nanoemulsions significantly inhibited the antioxidant GSH in Culex pipiens.
- Intervention effect The A. indica nanoemulsion induced the most potent effects compared with the A. heterophylla nanoemulsion.
- Observation Phytochemical profiling identified 28 volatile components in the AIW n-hexane extract.
- Observation Phytochemical profiling identified 42 volatile components in the AH n-hexane extract.
- Observation UPLC/MS profiling counted 56 metabolites in the AIW extracts.
- Observation UPLC/MS profiling counted 55 metabolites in the AH extracts.
- Observation The AH extracts were rich in a diterpenoid profile.
- Observation The AIW extracts were particularly rich in flavonoids, followed by limonoids, cinnamic acid derivatives and fatty acids.
- Intervention effect Nanoemulsions of A. indica and A. heterophylla leaves significantly enhanced larvicidal efficacy against Cx. pipiens.
- Mechanism Larvicidal efficacy of the nanoemulsions is attributed to biochemical disruption and oxidative stress induction.