Associationmodel-written summary

All three specialist insect species showed a cost of cardenolide sequestration.

A claim from Costs of toxin ingestion versus costs of sequestration in a community of specialized herbivores · 2026

Associationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

All three specialist insect species showed a cost of cardenolide sequestration.

Taxon
Asclepias syriacaAsclepias syriacae0
Interactor
specialist beetles, caterpillars and bugse2herbivore
Outcome
cost of sequestratione4

Not reportedMaterialGeneCompoundOrgan / stageSecond interactorSecond interactor roleTreatmentComparatorSettingDirectionValueQualifier

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Asclepias syriaca
Asclepias syriaca · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryLoïc Mathieu · CC BY 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Using common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca), which produces toxic cardenolides”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 361–437
e2

“in the native community of specialist beetles, caterpillars and bugs”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 519–587
e4

“all species showed a cost of sequestration, which probably emerged from physiological limits”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 965–1057

Title

Costs of toxin ingestion versus costs of sequestration in a community of specialized herbivores

Xosé López-Goldar; Paola Andrea Rubiano-Buitrago; Amy P. Hastings; et al. Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences 2026. doi:10.1098/rspb.2026.0044

Other claims from this paper (4)

Record rev-e337dbb0b7aeeb3270245ba27e343f86c7a75b0aa7dcbbefd513b6497770c7f9 · schema claims-v0.9 · position 4 in the model’s answer