Abstract
Bionomics of Cenopalpus irani Dosse and Bryobia rubrioculus Scheuten and their egg predator Zetzellia mali (Ewing) was studied in Kermanshah (west of Iran) from 31st May till 7th November 2007 on apple leaves and interaction (density dependence) between phytophagous mites and their predator were determined. The reliable sample size (number of leaves) with maximum variation of 5.33% was about 130. Index of dispersion, regression models (Taylor and Iwao), Morisita's index and Lloyd's mean crowding to mean were used to estimate spatial distribution pattern of these mites. The results indicated that the highest population density of C. irani, B. rubrioculus and Z. mali was in 19th August (13.45 per leaf), 9th August (0.615 per leaf) and 9th August (1.161 per leaf), respectively. Index of dispersion, regression models (Taylor and Iwao), Morisita's index and Lloyd's mean crowding to mean showed an aggregated distribution for all species. The linear regression between predator and preys population densities showed a density-dependant predation by Z. mali on C. irani and B. rubrioculus. Spatial distribution parameters of tetranychoid mites and their predator can be used to outline a sampling program, estimate population density of these mites and efficiency of the predator for using in orchards IPM.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
The highest population density of Cenopalpus irani on apple leaves was 13.45 per leaf, in 19th August.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticae0 - Interactor
- C. iranie1pest
- Outcome
- highest population densitye1
- Value
- 13.45 per leafe1
- Qualifier
- 19th Auguste1
- Setting
- Kermanshah (west of Iran)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“was studied in Kermanshah (west of Iran) from 31st May till 7th November 2007 on apple leaves”
e1“the highest population density of C. irani, B. rubrioculus and Z. mali was in 19th August (13.45 per leaf), 9th August (0.615 per leaf) and 9th August (1.161 per leaf), respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest population density of Bryobia rubrioculus on apple leaves was 0.615 per leaf, on 9th August.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Interactor
- B. rubrioculus
Bryobia rubrioculuse1pest - Outcome
- highest population densitye1
- Value
- 0.615 per leafe1
- Qualifier
- 9th Auguste1
- Setting
- Kermanshah (west of Iran)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“was studied in Kermanshah (west of Iran) from 31st May till 7th November 2007 on apple leaves”
e1“the highest population density of C. irani, B. rubrioculus and Z. mali was in 19th August (13.45 per leaf), 9th August (0.615 per leaf) and 9th August (1.161 per leaf), respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest population density of the predator Zetzellia mali on apple leaves was 1.161 per leaf, on 9th August.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Interactor
- Z. maliZetzellia malie1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- highest population densitye1
- Value
- 1.161 per leafe1
- Qualifier
- 9th Auguste1
- Setting
- Kermanshah (west of Iran)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“was studied in Kermanshah (west of Iran) from 31st May till 7th November 2007 on apple leaves”
e1“the highest population density of C. irani, B. rubrioculus and Z. mali was in 19th August (13.45 per leaf), 9th August (0.615 per leaf) and 9th August (1.161 per leaf), respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
All three species showed an aggregated spatial distribution on apple leaves.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Outcome
- aggregated distributione2
- Qualifier
- for all speciese2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“was studied in Kermanshah (west of Iran) from 31st May till 7th November 2007 on apple leaves”
e2“Index of dispersion, regression models (Taylor and Iwao), Morisita's index and Lloyd's mean crowding to mean showed an aggregated distribution for all species”
Claim · model-written summary
Z. mali showed density-dependent predation on C. irani and B. rubrioculus.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Interactor
- C. iranie3pest
- Second interactor
- Z. maliZetzellia malie3biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- density-dependant predatione3
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“was studied in Kermanshah (west of Iran) from 31st May till 7th November 2007 on apple leaves”
e3“The linear regression between predator and preys population densities showed a density-dependant predation by Z. mali on C. irani and B. rubrioculus”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest the spatial distribution parameters can be used to outline a sampling program for these mites.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Outcome
- sampling programe4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“was studied in Kermanshah (west of Iran) from 31st May till 7th November 2007 on apple leaves”
e4“Spatial distribution parameters of tetranychoid mites and their predator can be used to outline a sampling program”
Claim · model-written summary
The reliable sample size on apple leaves was about 130 leaves, with maximum variation of 5.33%.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Outcome
- reliable sample sizee5
- Value
- about 130e5
- Qualifier
- maximum variation of 5.33%e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“was studied in Kermanshah (west of Iran) from 31st May till 7th November 2007 on apple leaves”
e5“The reliable sample size (number of leaves) with maximum variation of 5.33% was about 130”