Abstract
Our objectives were to evaluate the seed yield of soybean, and Duncan's model with respect to relationship between seed yield and plant population, and analyze the response of soybean seed yield components to light enrichment initiated at different growth stages. Duncan coined the term crowding to include the effects of density and planting pattern. Duncan's model states that there is a linear relationship between natural logarithm of yield plant−1 and crowding. Results of the studies fitting Duncan's model to the data obtained from different soybean cultivars planted at different densities and planting patterns indicated that the model can predict the changes in yield with changing densities and planting pattern especially if the variability in the data is low. In order to analyze the response of soybean seed yield components to non-destructive light enrichment initiated at different growth stages, light enrichment was imposed on the indeterminate soybean cultivar Evans by installing wire mesh fencing on either side of the center row to push the adjacent rows aside at different growth stages. Fences prevented plants in the neighboring rows from encroaching on the growing space of the center row plants. Pod number per plant and to a lesser extent seed size accounted for variation in seed yield. Light enrichment initiated at late vegetative or early flowering stages increased seed yield 217%, mainly by increasing pod number, while light enrichment beginning at early pod formation increased seed size 23%, resulting in a 115% increase in seed yield. Responses to light enrichment occurred proportionately across all node positions despite the differences in the time (15 to 20 days) of development of yield components at the different node positions. Although maximum seed size may be under genetic control in soybean plants, our results suggested seed size can still be modified by the environment with some internal control moderating the final size of most seeds in all pods. It indicates that plants are able to redistribute the available resources to components not yet determined, in an attempt to maintain or improve yield.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Duncan’s model predicted yield changes across soybean density and planting patterns when variability was low.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Outcome
- predict the changes in yielde0
- Qualifier
- if the variability in the data is lowe0
- Comparator
- different densities and planting patternse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results of the studies fitting Duncan's model to the data obtained from different soybean cultivars planted at different densities and planting patterns indicated that the model can predict the changes in yield with changing densities and planting pattern especially if the variability in the data is low.”
Claim · model-written summary
Pod number per plant accounted for variation in soybean seed yield.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- Pode0
- Outcome
- variation in seed yielde0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pod number per plant and to a lesser extent seed size accounted for variation in seed yield.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed size contributed less than pod number to variation in soybean seed yield.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- seede0
- Outcome
- variation in seed yielde0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pod number per plant and to a lesser extent seed size accounted for variation in seed yield.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Light enrichment starting at late vegetative or early flowering stages increased soybean seed yield 217%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- late vegetative or early flowering stagese0
- Treatment
- Light enrichmente0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 217%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Light enrichment initiated at late vegetative or early flowering stages increased seed yield 217%, mainly by increasing pod number”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Light enrichment starting at late vegetative or early flowering stages increased soybean pod number.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- late vegetative or early flowering stagese0
- Treatment
- Light enrichmente0
- Outcome
- pod numbere0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Light enrichment initiated at late vegetative or early flowering stages increased seed yield 217%, mainly by increasing pod number”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Light enrichment starting at early pod formation increased soybean seed size 23%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- early pod formatione0
- Treatment
- light enrichmente0
- Outcome
- seed sizee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 23%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“light enrichment beginning at early pod formation increased seed size 23%, resulting in a 115% increase in seed yield.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Light enrichment starting at early pod formation increased soybean seed yield 115%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- early pod formatione0
- Treatment
- light enrichmente0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 115%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“light enrichment beginning at early pod formation increased seed size 23%, resulting in a 115% increase in seed yield.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Light enrichment responses were proportional across node positions despite 15 to 20 days of developmental difference.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- Responses to light enrichment occurred proportionately across all node positionse0
- Value
- 15 to 20 dayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Responses to light enrichment occurred proportionately across all node positions despite the differences in the time (15 to 20 days) of development of yield components at the different node positions.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that soybean seed size can be environmentally modified despite internal control.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- seed size can still be modifiede0
- Qualifier
- internal control moderating the final sizee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“our results suggested seed size can still be modified by the environment with some internal control moderating the final size of most seeds in all pods.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer plants redistribute resources to still-developing yield components.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee0
- Outcome
- redistribute the available resourcese0
- Qualifier
- components not yet determinede0
Verbatim
e0“plants are able to redistribute the available resources to components not yet determined, in an attempt to maintain or improve yield.”
The same questions in other papers
light · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
49 papers in the same direction as this paper · 21 in the opposite direction
- positive
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See all 71 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.