Abstract
Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seeds were germinated and grown in the presence of 50, 100 and 200 µM CdCl2. The lower concentration (50 µM) of Cd2 ions produced slight decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH) content and overall increase (except superoxide dismutase) in antioxidant enzyme activities, and in H2O2 concentration. Chlorophyll content, lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation were not affected under 50 µM CdCl2. GSH content was diminished under 100 and 200 µM CdCl2, and except for superoxide dismutase, which activity remained unaltered, overall decreases in the antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, dehydroascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase) and in guaiacol peroxidase were observed. These Cd2 concentrations caused a decrease in chlorophyll content as well as an increase in lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation and H2O2 concentration. All the observed effects were more evident with the highest concentration of cadmium chloride used.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
At 50 µM cadmium, reduced glutathione content decreased slightly.
- Taxon
- Sunflower
Helianthus annuust0 - Treatment
- 50 µMe0
- Outcome
- reduced glutathione (GSH) contente0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The lower concentration (50 µM) of Cd2 ions produced slight decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH) content and overall increase (except superoxide dismutase) in antioxidant enzyme activities, and in H2O2 concentration.”
t0“Sunflower Cotyledons”
Claim · model-written summary
At 50 µM cadmium, antioxidant enzymes except superoxide dismutase increased.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- 50 µMe0
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzyme activitiese0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- except superoxide dismutasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The lower concentration (50 µM) of Cd2 ions produced slight decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH) content and overall increase (except superoxide dismutase) in antioxidant enzyme activities, and in H2O2 concentration.”
t0“Sunflower Cotyledons”
Claim · model-written summary
At 50 µM cadmium, H2O2 concentration increased.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- 50 µMe0
- Outcome
- H2O2 concentratione0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The lower concentration (50 µM) of Cd2 ions produced slight decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH) content and overall increase (except superoxide dismutase) in antioxidant enzyme activities, and in H2O2 concentration.”
t0“Sunflower Cotyledons”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorophyll content, lipid peroxidation, and protein oxidation were unaffected at 50 µM CdCl2.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- 50 µM CdCl2e0
- Outcome
- Chlorophyll content, lipid peroxidation and protein oxidatione0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chlorophyll content, lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation were not affected under 50 µM CdCl2.”
t0“Sunflower Cotyledons”
Claim · model-written summary
GSH content decreased under 100 and 200 µM CdCl2.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- 100 and 200 µM CdCl2e0
- Outcome
- GSH contente0
- Direction
- diminishede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GSH content was diminished under 100 and 200 µM CdCl2, and except for superoxide dismutase, which activity remained unaltered, overall decreases in the antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, dehydroascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase) and in guaiacol peroxidase were observed.”
t0“Sunflower Cotyledons”
Claim · model-written summary
At 100 and 200 µM CdCl2, antioxidant enzyme activities decreased except superoxide dismutase.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- 100 and 200 µM CdCl2e0
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzyme activitiese0
- Direction
- decreasese0
- Qualifier
- except for superoxide dismutasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GSH content was diminished under 100 and 200 µM CdCl2, and except for superoxide dismutase, which activity remained unaltered, overall decreases in the antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, dehydroascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase) and in guaiacol peroxidase were observed.”
t0“Sunflower Cotyledons”
Claim · model-written summary
Superoxide dismutase activity remained unchanged at 100 and 200 µM CdCl2.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- 100 and 200 µM CdCl2e0
- Outcome
- superoxide dismutasee0
- Direction
- remained unalterede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GSH content was diminished under 100 and 200 µM CdCl2, and except for superoxide dismutase, which activity remained unaltered, overall decreases in the antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, dehydroascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase) and in guaiacol peroxidase were observed.”
t0“Sunflower Cotyledons”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher cadmium concentrations decreased chlorophyll content.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- Cd2 concentrationse0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These Cd2 concentrations caused a decrease in chlorophyll content as well as an increase in lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation and H2O2 concentration.”
t0“Sunflower Cotyledons”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher cadmium concentrations increased lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, and H2O2 concentration.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- Cd2 concentrationse0
- Outcome
- lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation and H2O2 concentratione0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These Cd2 concentrations caused a decrease in chlorophyll content as well as an increase in lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation and H2O2 concentration.”
t0“Sunflower Cotyledons”
Claim · model-written summary
Effects were strongest at the highest cadmium chloride concentration.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- highest concentration of cadmium chloridee0
- Outcome
- observed effectse0
- Direction
- more evidente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All the observed effects were more evident with the highest concentration of cadmium chloride used.”
t0“Sunflower Cotyledons”
The same questions in other papers
cadmium dichloride · molecular: metabolites · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.