Abstract
In growth chamber studies, we measured the movement of cotyledons and leaves or leaflets in seedlings of nine weed species to determine: the magnitude of movement, whether movements followed a rhythmic pattern, and if rhythmic movements were endogenously controlled. Seedlings were always entrained under a 15-h light:9-h dark regime. Measurements were made at 3-h intervals for 3 to 4 days under four light regimes: alternating 15-h light:9-h dark; continuous light; one 15-h light:9-h dark span, followed by continuous light; and a 15-h light:9-h dark regime, in which the dark span was advanced 9 h (phase shift) when measurements were begun. No clearly defined pattern of leaf movement was found in wild mustard [ Brassica kaber (DC.) L. C. Wheeler var. pinnatifida (Stokes) L. C. Wheeler]. Daily rhythmic leaf movements that did not appear to be endogenously controlled were found in redroot pigweed ( Amaranthus retroflexus L.) and black nightshade ( Solanum nigrum L.). Circadian rhythmic leaf movements that appeared to be under endogenous control were found in jimson-weed ( Datura stramonium L.), common lambsquarters ( Chenopodium album L.), common cocklebur ( Xanthium pensylvanicum Wallr.), prickly sida ( Sida spinosa L.), sicklepod ( Cassia obtusifolia L.), and coffee senna ( Cassia occidentalis L.).
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Wild mustard had no clear leaf-movement pattern.
Verbatim
e0“No clearly defined pattern of leaf movement was found in wild mustard [ Brassica kaber (DC.) L. C. Wheeler var. pinnatifida (Stokes) L. C. Wheeler].”
Claim · model-written summary
Redroot pigweed showed daily rhythms that did not appear endogenous.
Verbatim
e0“Daily rhythmic leaf movements that did not appear to be endogenously controlled were found in redroot pigweed ( Amaranthus retroflexus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Black nightshade showed daily rhythms that did not appear endogenous.
- Taxon
- black nightshade
_Solanum_nigrum_3.jpg?width=60)
Solanum nigrume0 - Outcome
- Daily rhythmic leaf movements that did not appear to be endogenously controllede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Solanum_nigrum_3.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Daily rhythmic leaf movements that did not appear to be endogenously controlled were found in redroot pigweed ( Amaranthus retroflexus L.) and black nightshade ( Solanum nigrum L.).”
Claim · model-written summary
Circadian leaf movements appeared endogenously controlled in jimson-weed.
- Taxon
- jimson-weed
.jpg?width=60)
Datura stramoniume0 - Outcome
- Circadian rhythmic leaf movements that appeared to be under endogenous controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Circadian rhythmic leaf movements that appeared to be under endogenous control were found in jimson-weed ( Datura stramonium L.), common lambsquarters ( Chenopodium album L.), common cocklebur ( Xanthium pensylvanicum Wallr.), prickly sida ( Sida spinosa L.), sicklepod ( Cassia obtusifolia L.), and coffee senna ( Cassia occidentalis L.).”
Claim · model-written summary
Circadian leaf movements appeared endogenously controlled in common lambsquarters.
- Taxon
- common lambsquarters
Chenopodium albume0 - Outcome
- Circadian rhythmic leaf movements that appeared to be under endogenous controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Circadian rhythmic leaf movements that appeared to be under endogenous control were found in jimson-weed ( Datura stramonium L.), common lambsquarters ( Chenopodium album L.), common cocklebur ( Xanthium pensylvanicum Wallr.), prickly sida ( Sida spinosa L.), sicklepod ( Cassia obtusifolia L.), and coffee senna ( Cassia occidentalis L.).”
Claim · model-written summary
Circadian leaf movements appeared endogenously controlled in common cocklebur.
Verbatim
e0“Circadian rhythmic leaf movements that appeared to be under endogenous control were found in jimson-weed ( Datura stramonium L.), common lambsquarters ( Chenopodium album L.), common cocklebur ( Xanthium pensylvanicum Wallr.), prickly sida ( Sida spinosa L.), sicklepod ( Cassia obtusifolia L.), and coffee senna ( Cassia occidentalis L.).”
Claim · model-written summary
Circadian leaf movements appeared endogenously controlled in prickly sida.
Verbatim
e0“Circadian rhythmic leaf movements that appeared to be under endogenous control were found in jimson-weed ( Datura stramonium L.), common lambsquarters ( Chenopodium album L.), common cocklebur ( Xanthium pensylvanicum Wallr.), prickly sida ( Sida spinosa L.), sicklepod ( Cassia obtusifolia L.), and coffee senna ( Cassia occidentalis L.).”
Claim · model-written summary
Circadian leaf movements appeared endogenously controlled in sicklepod.
Verbatim
e0“Circadian rhythmic leaf movements that appeared to be under endogenous control were found in jimson-weed ( Datura stramonium L.), common lambsquarters ( Chenopodium album L.), common cocklebur ( Xanthium pensylvanicum Wallr.), prickly sida ( Sida spinosa L.), sicklepod ( Cassia obtusifolia L.), and coffee senna ( Cassia occidentalis L.).”
Claim · model-written summary
Circadian leaf movements appeared endogenously controlled in coffee senna.
- Taxon
- coffee senna
_Senna_occidentalis_-_Habit_-_Les_Martels%2C_Giroussens_Tarn.jpg?width=60)
Senna occidentalise0 - Outcome
- Circadian rhythmic leaf movements that appeared to be under endogenous controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Senna_occidentalis_-_Habit_-_Les_Martels%2C_Giroussens_Tarn.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Circadian rhythmic leaf movements that appeared to be under endogenous control were found in jimson-weed ( Datura stramonium L.), common lambsquarters ( Chenopodium album L.), common cocklebur ( Xanthium pensylvanicum Wallr.), prickly sida ( Sida spinosa L.), sicklepod ( Cassia obtusifolia L.), and coffee senna ( Cassia occidentalis L.).”