Abstract
While surfactants are widely used to enhance the performance of foliar applied chemicals, their interaction with the plant cuticle is not well understood. We have studied the transport of a nonionic surfactant, Triton X-100, through enzymatically isolated tomato fruit cuticular membranes (CM). Transport characteristics were determined by measuring the transfer rate of {sup 14}C-labeled surfactant from donor to receiver cell through an interfacing CM. Waxes of the cuticle greatly reduced membrane permeance (P): 11.2 and 82.7x10{sup {minus}12} m{center dot}s{sup {minus}1} for CM and dewaxed CM (DCM), respectively, at 25{degrees}C. Further, cuticular waxes reduced both partitioning and diffusion. Increase in partitioning on removal of waxes may be attributed to an increase in number of accessible sites in the matrix which preferentially bind and probably participate in the diffusion of surfactant through the cuticle. Temperature increases of 10{degrees}C between 5 and 35{degrees}C resulted in a nearly two-fold increase in diffusion and partitioning and a three-fold increase in permeance.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Cuticular waxes reduced membrane permeance from 82.7 to 11.2 in the reported units.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Outcome
- membrane permeancee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 11.2 and 82.7x10{sup {minus}12} m{center dot}s{sup {minus}1}e0
- Qualifier
- at 25{degrees}Ce0
- Comparator
- dewaxed CM (DCM)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Waxes of the cuticle greatly reduced membrane permeance (P): 11.2 and 82.7x10{sup {minus}12} m{center dot}s{sup {minus}1} for CM and dewaxed CM (DCM), respectively, at 25{degrees}C.”
t0“tomato fruit cuticular membranes (CM)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cuticular waxes reduced partitioning and diffusion.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- cuticular waxese0
- Outcome
- partitioning and diffusione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Further, cuticular waxes reduced both partitioning and diffusion.”
t0“tomato fruit cuticular membranes (CM)”
Claim · model-written summary
Removing waxes may increase accessible sites that bind and possibly aid surfactant diffusion.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- removal of waxese0
- Outcome
- partitioninge0
- Qualifier
- increase in number of accessible sites in the matrixe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increase in partitioning on removal of waxes may be attributed to an increase in number of accessible sites in the matrix which preferentially bind and probably participate in the diffusion of surfactant through the cuticle.”
t0“tomato fruit cuticular membranes (CM)”
Claim · model-written summary
A 10 degree temperature increase nearly doubled diffusion and partitioning.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- diffusion and partitioninge0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- nearly two-folde0
- Setting
- between 5 and 35{degrees}Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Temperature increases of 10{degrees}C between 5 and 35{degrees}C resulted in a nearly two-fold increase in diffusion and partitioning and a three-fold increase in permeance.”
t0“tomato fruit cuticular membranes (CM)”
Claim · model-written summary
A 10 degree temperature increase tripled permeance.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- permeancee0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- three-folde0
- Setting
- between 5 and 35{degrees}Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Temperature increases of 10{degrees}C between 5 and 35{degrees}C resulted in a nearly two-fold increase in diffusion and partitioning and a three-fold increase in permeance.”
t0“tomato fruit cuticular membranes (CM)”