Abstract
Seeds of Bonus barley and Albimonte wheat, irradiated with high doses of x rays, thermal neutrons, and gamma rays, were used in embryo transplantation experiments in both directions: (1) irradiated embryo on unirradiated endosperm, EM(i)/EN(n), and (2) unirradiated embryo on irradiated endosperm, EM(n)/EN(i). Intact seeds as well as homotransplants (unirradiated embryo on unirradiated endosperm) served as cortrols. In a first series of experiments with barley,(x- ray doses of 50, 100, 200, and 400 Kr), the most common transplartation technique was used, which leaves some residual endosperm attached to the embryo to be transplarted (technique A). No clear effect of the irradiated endosperm on the unirradiated embryo was observed, neither on seedling growth nor on plant survival in the field. On the contrary, in a total of 2400 irradiated embryos (600 for each x-ray dose) grafted on unirradiated endosperm, 33 mature plants were obtained (no survival from the control ing museeds irradiated with the same x-ray doses). A genetic test in the following generation did not reveal any seedling mutation neither in the EM(i)/EN(n), nor in the EM(n)/EN(i) plants. In another series of experiments on barley with a more refined technique, which allowed the transplantation of completely endosperm-iree embryos (technique B),more » it was found that: a) x-irradiated endosperm tends to reduce both shoot and root growth of EM(n)/EN(i) seedlings; b) with thermal-neutron-irradiated endosperm, growth depression is observed only in the root system of the embryo grafted on it. Using technique B in Albimonte wheat, it was also shown that heavily gamma- irradiated endosperm depresses growth in both the root and shoot systems of the embryo transplanted on it (doses of 250, 500, and 1000 Kr were used). A Strong reduction in field survival has also occurred for unirradiated embryos transplanted on endosperms irradiated with 1000 Kr of gamma rays. From the experience gained so far, the authors conclude that the embryo transplantation technique, if refined conveniently, may prove useful in studying embryos- endosperm relations in irradiated seeds. (auth)« less
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Irradiated barley endosperm had no clear effect on unirradiated embryo seedling growth or field survival with technique A.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree1 - Treatment
- irradiated endosperme0
- Outcome
- seedling growth nor on plant survival in the fielde0
- Direction
- No clear effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“No clear effect of the irradiated endosperm on the unirradiated embryo was observed, neither on seedling growth nor on plant survival in the field”
e1“In a first series of experiments with barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Barley embryos irradiated and grafted onto unirradiated endosperm produced 33 mature plants among 2400 embryos, whereas intact irradiated controls did not survive.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- irradiated embryos (600 for each x-ray dose) grafted on unirradiated endosperme0
- Outcome
- mature plantse0
- Value
- 33 mature plantse0
- Comparator
- control ing museeds irradiated with the same x-ray dosese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in a total of 2400 irradiated embryos (600 for each x-ray dose) grafted on unirradiated endosperm, 33 mature plants were obtained (no survival from the control ing museeds irradiated with the same x-ray doses)”
e1“experiments with barley”
Claim · model-written summary
A genetic test detected no seedling mutation in either transplant direction.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Material
- EM(i)/EN(n)e0
- Outcome
- seedling mutatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“did not reveal any seedling mutation neither in the EM(i)/EN(n), nor in the EM(n)/EN(i) plants”
e1“experiments with barley”
Claim · model-written summary
X-irradiated barley endosperm tended to reduce both shoot and root growth with technique B.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Material
- EM(n)/EN(i)e0
- Treatment
- x-irradiated endosperme0
- Outcome
- shoot and root growthe0
- Direction
- reducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“x-irradiated endosperm tends to reduce both shoot and root growth of EM(n)/EN(i) seedlings”
e1“another series of experiments on barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Thermal-neutron-irradiated barley endosperm depressed root growth only.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Organ / stage
- root systeme0
- Treatment
- thermal-neutron-irradiated endosperme0
- Outcome
- growth depressione0
- Direction
- depressione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with thermal-neutron-irradiated endosperm, growth depression is observed only in the root system of the embryo grafted on it”
e1“another series of experiments on barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Heavily gamma-irradiated endosperm depressed root and shoot growth in Albimonte wheat.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Material
- Albimontee0
- Treatment
- heavily gamma- irradiated endosperme0
- Outcome
- growth in both the root and shoot systemse0
- Direction
- depressese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in Albimonte wheat, it was also shown that heavily gamma- irradiated endosperm depresses growth in both the root and shoot systems of the embryo transplanted on it”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat embryo transplants onto endosperm given 1000 Kr gamma rays had strongly reduced field survival.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- Albimontee1
- Treatment
- endosperms irradiated with 1000 Kr of gamma rayse0
- Outcome
- field survivale0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A Strong reduction in field survival has also occurred for unirradiated embryos transplanted on endosperms irradiated with 1000 Kr of gamma rays”
e1“in Albimonte wheat, it was also shown that heavily gamma- irradiated endosperm depresses growth in both the root and shoot systems of the embryo transplanted on it”
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