Abstract
A 3-year study in the Nebraska Sandhills on a Valentine fine sand (mixed, mesic Typic Ustipsamments) measured the effects of defoliation on dry matter yield and bud and tiller development of sand bluestem (Andropogon gerardii var. paucipilus (Nash) Fern.), prairie sandreed (Calamovilfa longifolia (Hook.) Scribn.), and little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash). Defoliation (7 cm) treatments were: 1 defoliation (10 June, 10 July, or 10 Aug), 2 defoliations (10 June and 10 Aug), and 3 defoliations (10 June, 10 July, and 10 Aug). Control plants were defoliated only in October. Treatments were initiated annually and for a 3-year period (1986 to 1988). Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) and smooth brome (Bromus inermis Leyss.) from near Mead, Nebraska and sand bluestem, prairie sandreed, and smooth brome from the Gudmundsen Sandhills Laboratory near Whitman, Nebraska were collected to measure rumen protein degradation (12 h in situ technique). Following 1 year of defoliation highest production and development of sand bluestem and prairie sandreed occurred with multiple defoliations. After 3 years, a single June or July defoliation of sand bluestem optimized production and development while a 2 defoliation scheme was optimum for prairie sandreed. After 3 years of defoliation, the control was highest in total yield and buds and tillers. The optimum defoliation scheme considering production and development was a single July defoliation. Rumen escape protein, averaged over harvest dates of switchgrass (51%), was higher than smooth brome (19%) from near Mead, NE. Prairie sandreed (57%) had higher values than sand bluestem (51%) and switchgrass (40%) from the Nebraska Sandhills. Concentration of escape protein averaged over harvest dates and species (smooth brome, switchgrass) was higher in leaves than stems (50 and 19 mg protein/g DM, respectively).
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
After one year, multiple defoliations gave the highest production and development of sand bluestem.
- Taxon
- sand bluesteme0
- Treatment
- multiple defoliationse0
- Outcome
- production and developmente0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Following 1 year of defoliation highest production and development of sand bluestem and prairie sandreed occurred with multiple defoliations.”
Claim · model-written summary
After one year, multiple defoliations gave the highest production and development of prairie sandreed.
- Taxon
- prairie sandreede0
- Treatment
- multiple defoliationse0
- Outcome
- production and developmente0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Following 1 year of defoliation highest production and development of sand bluestem and prairie sandreed occurred with multiple defoliations.”
Claim · model-written summary
After three years, a single June or July defoliation optimized sand bluestem production and development.
- Taxon
- sand bluesteme0
- Treatment
- a single June or July defoliatione0
- Outcome
- production and developmente0
- Direction
- optimizede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“After 3 years, a single June or July defoliation of sand bluestem optimized production and development while a 2 defoliation scheme was optimum for prairie sandreed.”
Claim · model-written summary
After three years, two defoliations were optimum for prairie sandreed.
- Taxon
- prairie sandreede0
- Treatment
- a 2 defoliation schemee0
- Outcome
- production and developmente0
- Direction
- optimume0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“After 3 years, a single June or July defoliation of sand bluestem optimized production and development while a 2 defoliation scheme was optimum for prairie sandreed.”
Claim · model-written summary
After three years the undefoliated control was highest in yield, buds and tillers.
- Taxon
- warm -season grassest0
- Treatment
- the controle0
- Outcome
- total yield and buds and tillerse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“After 3 years of defoliation, the control was highest in total yield and buds and tillers.”
t0“warm -season grasses”
Claim · model-written summary
A single July defoliation was recommended as optimal for production and development.
Verbatim
e0“The optimum defoliation scheme considering production and development was a single July defoliation.”
t0“warm -season grasses”
Claim · model-written summary
Switchgrass escape protein was 51% and higher than smooth brome from near Mead.
- Taxon
- switchgrass
Panicum virgatume0 - Outcome
- Rumen escape proteine0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 51%e0
- Qualifier
- 19%e0
- Comparator
- smooth bromee0
- Setting
- Mead, NEe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rumen escape protein, averaged over harvest dates of switchgrass (51%), was higher than smooth brome (19%) from near Mead, NE.”
Claim · model-written summary
Smooth brome escape protein was 19% near Mead.
Verbatim
e0“Rumen escape protein, averaged over harvest dates of switchgrass (51%), was higher than smooth brome (19%) from near Mead, NE.”
Claim · model-written summary
Prairie sandreed escape protein was 57%, higher than the two comparison grasses.
Verbatim
e0“Prairie sandreed (57%) had higher values than sand bluestem (51%) and switchgrass (40%) from the Nebraska Sandhills.”
Claim · model-written summary
Sand bluestem escape protein was 51% in the Nebraska Sandhills.
Verbatim
e0“Prairie sandreed (57%) had higher values than sand bluestem (51%) and switchgrass (40%) from the Nebraska Sandhills.”
Claim · model-written summary
Switchgrass escape protein was 40% in the Nebraska Sandhills.
- Taxon
- switchgrassPanicum virgatume0
- Outcome
- valuese0
- Value
- 40%e0
- Setting
- Nebraska Sandhillse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Prairie sandreed (57%) had higher values than sand bluestem (51%) and switchgrass (40%) from the Nebraska Sandhills.”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf escape protein concentration was higher than stems, at 50 versus 19 mg protein/g DM.
Verbatim
e0“Concentration of escape protein averaged over harvest dates and species (smooth brome, switchgrass) was higher in leaves than stems (50 and 19 mg protein/g DM, respectively).”