Abstract
The aim of performed research was to evaluate weed seedbank in soil under the influence of four different winter wheat tillage systems. Winter wheat was grown in the following cultivation systems: A – monoculture with direct drilling into white clover mulch; B – monoculture with direct drilling into wheat stubble; C – monoculture with conventional tillage; D – crop rotation with conventional tillage. It was shown that pre-sowing wheat tillage had a more considerable effect on weed species and weed seedbank in soil than type of crop rotation. The least seedbank was observed when plough system was replaced by direct drilling. In the soil layer of 0–20 cm, under wheat no-plough tillage, 20.3% less weed diaspores was found compared to monoculture with plough tillage and by 40.1% less than in crop rotation. The plough tillage increased amount of weed diaspores in the whole plough layer, while direct drilling increased it only in 0–1 cm of soil layer. After direct drilling of wheat into stubble (B) the number of weed diaspores in 1 dcm of soil in 0–1 cm layer was over twofold higher than in direct sowing in mulch (A), and threefold higher than in crop rotation (D) and almost six times higher than in wheat monoculture with conventional tillage (C). Dominating weed species in the soil over the types of wheat cultivation systems were: Chenopodium album L., Amaranthus retroflexus L., Apera spica-venti L., Lamium purpureum L., and Viola arvensis Murr.
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The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Pre-sowing tillage affected weed species and seedbank more than rotation type.
- Taxon
- winter wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- pre-sowing wheat tillagee0
- Outcome
- weed species and weed seedbank in soile0
- Direction
- more considerablee0
- Comparator
- type of crop rotatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pre-sowing wheat tillage had a more considerable effect on weed species and weed seedbank in soil than type of crop rotation”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Replacing ploughing with direct drilling produced the smallest seedbank.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- direct drillinge0
- Outcome
- seedbanke0
- Direction
- leaste0
- Comparator
- plough systeme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The least seedbank was observed when plough system was replaced by direct drilling”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
No-plough wheat tillage had 20.3% fewer weed diaspores than monoculture with plough tillage.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- no-plough tillagee0
- Outcome
- weed diasporese0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Value
- 20.3%e0
- Qualifier
- soil layer of 0–20 cme0
- Comparator
- monoculture with plough tillagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the soil layer of 0–20 cm, under wheat no-plough tillage, 20.3% less weed diaspores was found compared to monoculture with plough tillage and by 40.1% less than in crop rotation”
Claim · model-written summary
No-plough wheat tillage had 40.1% fewer weed diaspores than crop rotation.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- no-plough tillagee0
- Outcome
- weed diasporese0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Value
- 40.1%e0
- Qualifier
- soil layer of 0–20 cme0
- Comparator
- crop rotatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the soil layer of 0–20 cm, under wheat no-plough tillage, 20.3% less weed diaspores was found compared to monoculture with plough tillage and by 40.1% less than in crop rotation”
Claim · model-written summary
Ploughing increased weed diaspores throughout the plough layer.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- plough tillagee0
- Outcome
- amount of weed diasporese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- whole plough layere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The plough tillage increased amount of weed diaspores in the whole plough layer”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Direct drilling increased diaspores only in the 0–1 cm layer.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- direct drillinge0
- Outcome
- direct drilling increased ite0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- 0–1 cm of soil layere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“direct drilling increased it only in 0–1 cm of soil layer”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Stubble drilling had over twofold more surface weed diaspores than direct sowing in mulch (A).
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- direct drilling of wheat into stubble (B)e0
- Outcome
- number of weed diasporese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- over twofolde0
- Qualifier
- 0–1 cm layere0
- Comparator
- direct sowing in mulch (A)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After direct drilling of wheat into stubble (B) the number of weed diaspores in 1 dcm of soil in 0–1 cm layer was over twofold higher than in direct sowing in mulch (A), and threefold higher than in crop rotation (D) and almost six times higher than in wheat monoculture with conventional tillage (C)”
Claim · model-written summary
Stubble drilling had threefold more surface weed diaspores than crop rotation (D).
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- direct drilling of wheat into stubble (B)e0
- Outcome
- number of weed diasporese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- threefolde0
- Qualifier
- 0–1 cm layere0
- Comparator
- crop rotation (D)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After direct drilling of wheat into stubble (B) the number of weed diaspores in 1 dcm of soil in 0–1 cm layer was over twofold higher than in direct sowing in mulch (A), and threefold higher than in crop rotation (D) and almost six times higher than in wheat monoculture with conventional tillage (C)”
Claim · model-written summary
Stubble drilling had almost six times more surface weed diaspores than wheat monoculture with conventional tillage (C).
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- direct drilling of wheat into stubble (B)e0
- Outcome
- number of weed diasporese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- almost six timese0
- Qualifier
- 0–1 cm layere0
- Comparator
- wheat monoculture with conventional tillage (C)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After direct drilling of wheat into stubble (B) the number of weed diaspores in 1 dcm of soil in 0–1 cm layer was over twofold higher than in direct sowing in mulch (A), and threefold higher than in crop rotation (D) and almost six times higher than in wheat monoculture with conventional tillage (C)”
Claim · model-written summary
Five named weeds dominated the seedbank across wheat cultivation systems.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Interactor
- Chenopodium album L.
Chenopodium albume0weed - Outcome
- Dominating weed speciese0
- Qualifier
- Amaranthus retroflexus L., Apera spica-venti L., Lamium purpureum L., and Viola arvensis Murr.e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dominating weed species in the soil over the types of wheat cultivation systems were: Chenopodium album L., Amaranthus retroflexus L., Apera spica-venti L., Lamium purpureum L., and Viola arvensis Murr.”
The same questions in other papers
tillage · weed · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
125 papers in the same direction as this paper · 56 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- no effect
179 papers more in this group
See all 183 papers →transplanting · weed · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 13 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
17 papers more in this group
See all 21 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.