Paper · 1971 · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)

Utilization of municipal organic wastes as agricultural fertilizers

James Vlamis; David W. Williams

2
claims
2
verbatim quotes
11
citations
1
research areas
✓
Open access · cc-by-sa

Abstract

Sewage sludge and garbage compost were found to be good sources of plant nutrients that increased yields of tomato, barley and lettuce crops. Maximum yields were obtained when the materials were used with the proper rates and combinations of chemical fertilizers. Agricultural utilization of such organic materials may provide a useful outlet for disposal of municipal wastes.

Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by-sa. Read at the source ↗

The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.

Claims 2

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Sewage sludge and garbage compost increased yields of tomato, barley and lettuce.

Treatment
Sewage sludge and garbage composte0
Outcome
yieldse0
Direction
increasede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Solanum lycopersicum
Solanum lycopersicum · TaxonKod B · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Lactuca sativa
Lactuca sativa · Taxonen:User:Geographer · CC BY 1.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Hordeum vulgare
Hordeum vulgare · TaxonJackyM59 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Sewage sludge and garbage compost were found to be good sources of plant nutrients that increased yields of tomato, barley and lettuce crops”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–140 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Proper rates and chemical fertilizer combinations gave maximum yields.

Treatment
proper rates and combinations of chemical fertilizerse0
Outcome
Maximum yieldse0
Direction
Maximume0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Solanum lycopersicum
Solanum lycopersicum · TaxonKod B · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Lactuca sativa
Lactuca sativa · Taxonen:User:Geographer · CC BY 1.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Hordeum vulgare
Hordeum vulgare · TaxonJackyM59 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Sewage sludge and garbage compost were found to be good sources of plant nutrients that increased yields of tomato, barley and lettuce crops. Maximum yields were obtained when the materials were used with the proper rates and combinations of chemical fertilizers”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–262 · show in text ↑

organic · yield · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results differ

59 papers: 53 positive, 6 negative or no effect

52 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. negative
  2. negative
  3. negative

55 papers more in this group

See all 59 papers →

organic · yield · Lactuca sativa (garden lettuce)Positive and negative results

16 papers: 13 positive, 3 negative or no effect

12 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction

  1. negative
  2. no effect
  3. no effect

12 papers more in this group

See all 16 papers →

organic · yield · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Positive and negative results

36 papers: 29 positive, 7 negative or no effect

28 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. no effect
  2. negative
  3. negative

32 papers more in this group

See all 36 papers →

fertilization · yield · Lactuca sativa (garden lettuce)Positive and negative results

249 papers: 213 positive, 36 negative or no effect

212 papers in the same direction as this paper · 34 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. negative
  2. no effect
  3. negative

245 papers more in this group

See all 249 papers →

fertilization · yield · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Positive and negative results

550 papers: 473 positive, 77 negative or no effect

472 papers in the same direction as this paper · 66 in the opposite direction · 11 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. no effect
  2. negative
  3. negative

546 papers more in this group

See all 550 papers →

fertilization · yield · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results

978 papers: 850 positive, 128 negative or no effect

849 papers in the same direction as this paper · 104 in the opposite direction · 24 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. no effect
  2. negative
  3. negative

974 papers more in this group

See all 978 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.