Abstract
The extensive use of chemical fertilizers poses serious collateral problems such as environmental pollution, pest resistance development and food safety decline. Researches focused on applying plant-beneficial microorganisms to partially replace chemical fertilizer use is increasing due to the requirement of sustainable agriculture development. Thus to investigate the possibility of a plant-beneficial Trichoderma strain and its bio-organic fertilizer product in saving chemical fertilizer application and in improving crop quality, a field trial and continuous pot experiments were carried out with tomato. Four treatments were set up: a reduced application of chemical fertilizer (75% of the conventional application) plus Trichoderma-enriched bio-organic fertilizer (BF), organic fertilizer (OF) or Trichoderma spore suspension (SS), with using the 100% rate of the conventional chemical fertilizer as the control (CF). The results showed that the total soluble sugar, Vitamin C and nitrate accumulations were, respectively, +up to 24%, +up to 57% and -up to 62% in the tomatoes of the BF treatment compared to those of the control (CF). And both of the pot and field trials revealed that reduced rates of chemical fertilizer plus bio-organic fertilizer produced tomato yields equivalent to those obtained using the 100% of the chemical fertilizer. However, application with the inoculant alone (SS) or combined with the organic fertilizer alone (OF) would lead to a yield decreases of 6-38% and 9-35% over the control. Since the increased abundance of soil microflora and the enhanced soil fertility frequently showed positive linear correlations especially in the BF-treated soils, we conclude that the efficacy of this bio-organic fertilizer for maintaining a stable tomato yield and improving tomato quality may be due to the improved soil microbial activity. Thus, the results suggest that the Trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer could be employed in combination with the appropriate rates of chemical fertilizers to get maximum benefits regarding yield, quality and fertilizer savings.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
BF treatment increased tomato total soluble sugar by up to 24% relative to conventional fertilizer.
- Taxon
- tomatoes
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- BF treatmente0
- Outcome
- total soluble sugare0
- Direction
- +up toe0
- Value
- +up to 24%e0
- Comparator
- control (CF)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the total soluble sugar, Vitamin C and nitrate accumulations were, respectively, +up to 24%, +up to 57% and -up to 62% in the tomatoes of the BF treatment compared to those of the control (CF).”
Claim · model-written summary
BF treatment increased tomato vitamin C by up to 57% relative to conventional fertilizer.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- BF treatmente0
- Outcome
- Vitamin Ce0
- Direction
- +up toe0
- Value
- +up to 57%e0
- Comparator
- control (CF)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the total soluble sugar, Vitamin C and nitrate accumulations were, respectively, +up to 24%, +up to 57% and -up to 62% in the tomatoes of the BF treatment compared to those of the control (CF).”
Claim · model-written summary
BF treatment reduced tomato nitrate accumulation by up to 62% relative to conventional fertilizer.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- BF treatmente0
- Outcome
- nitrate accumulationse0
- Direction
- -up toe0
- Value
- -up to 62%e0
- Comparator
- control (CF)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the total soluble sugar, Vitamin C and nitrate accumulations were, respectively, +up to 24%, +up to 57% and -up to 62% in the tomatoes of the BF treatment compared to those of the control (CF).”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced chemical fertilizer plus bio-organic fertilizer maintained tomato yields equivalent to full chemical fertilizer in pot and field trials.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- reduced rates of chemical fertilizer plus bio-organic fertilizere0
- Outcome
- tomato yieldse0
- Direction
- equivalente0
- Comparator
- 100% of the chemical fertilizere0
- Setting
- pot and field trialse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both of the pot and field trials revealed that reduced rates of chemical fertilizer plus bio-organic fertilizer produced tomato yields equivalent to those obtained using the 100% of the chemical fertilizer.”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced chemical fertilizer plus Trichoderma inoculant alone decreased tomato yield by 6–38% against control.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“application with the inoculant alone (SS) or combined with the organic fertilizer alone (OF) would lead to a yield decreases of 6-38% and 9-35% over the control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced chemical fertilizer plus organic fertilizer decreased tomato yield by 9–35% against control.
- Treatment
- organic fertilizer alone (OF)e0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- decreasese0
- Value
- 9-35%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“application with the inoculant alone (SS) or combined with the organic fertilizer alone (OF) would lead to a yield decreases of 6-38% and 9-35% over the control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil microflora abundance and fertility were positively linearly correlated, especially in BF-treated soils.
- Interactor
- soil microflorae0symbiont
- Outcome
- soil fertilitye0
- Direction
- positive linear correlationse0
- Qualifier
- BF-treated soilse0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“the increased abundance of soil microflora and the enhanced soil fertility frequently showed positive linear correlations especially in the BF-treated soils”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend Trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer with appropriate chemical fertilizer rates for yield, quality and fertilizer savings.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“the Trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer could be employed in combination with the appropriate rates of chemical fertilizers to get maximum benefits regarding yield, quality and fertilizer savings.”
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