Abstract
Water-soluble extracts from fresh and dry tissues of five species of Solanaceous plants, including black nightshade (Solanum nigrum), egg plant (Solanum melongena), matrimony vine (Lycium chinense), potato (Solanum tuberosum), and tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum), were evaluated for antifungal activity against the black leaf spot of crucifers caused by Alternaria brassicicola isolates ABA-31 and ABA-104. Only the extracts from potato sprouts and S. nigrum roots showed complete inhibition of conidial germination of both isolates of A. brassicicola at a concentration of 10% (w/v) from fresh tissues, and 1% (w/v) from dry tissues. The ethanol extracts from dry fruit tissues of S. nigrum completely inhibited conidial germination of A. brassicicola at the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 800-fold for isolate ABA-31 and 1600-fold for isolate ABA-104. Results of detach-leaf tests showed that water extracts from dry root tissues and ethanol extracts from fresh or dry root tissues of S. nigrum reduced severity of black leaf spot of Chinese cabbage (Brassica pekinensis) by 80%, compared to the untreated control. Results of greenhouse studies showed that treatment of plants with ethanol extracts from dry root tissues of S. nigrum effectively controlled black leaf spot of crucifers, including two species of Chinese cabbage (B. chinensis and B. pekinensis) and cabbage (B. oleracea var. capitata) when 0.5 or 1% (w/v) extract was applied one day prior to inoculation of the pathogen, or one and two days after inoculation of the pathogen. The study suggests that S. nigrum extracts have potential for control of black leaf spot of crucifers, especially when they were applied at early stages of disease development.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Only extracts from potato sprouts and S. nigrum roots completely inhibited conidial germination of A. brassicicola at 10% (w/v) from fresh tissues.
- Taxon
- Cruciferst0
- Treatment
- extracts from potato sprouts and S. nigrum rootse1
- Interactor
- A. brassicicola
Alternaria brassicicolae1pathogen - Outcome
- conidial germinatione1
- Direction
- complete inhibitione1
- Value
- 10% (w/v)e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Control of Black Leaf Spot (Alternaria brassicicola) of Crucifers”
e1“Only the extracts from potato sprouts and S. nigrum roots showed complete inhibition of conidial germination of both isolates of A. brassicicola at a concentration of 10% (w/v) from fresh tissues”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethanol extracts from dry fruit tissues of S. nigrum completely inhibited conidial germination of A. brassicicola for isolate ABA-31 at an MIC of 800-fold.
- Taxon
- Cruciferst0
- Material
- isolate ABA-31e2
- Treatment
- ethanol extracts from dry fruit tissues of S. nigrume2
- Interactor
- A. brassicicolaAlternaria brassicicolae2pathogen
- Outcome
- conidial germinatione2
- Direction
- completely inhibitede2
- Value
- 800-folde2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Control of Black Leaf Spot (Alternaria brassicicola) of Crucifers”
e2“The ethanol extracts from dry fruit tissues of S. nigrum completely inhibited conidial germination of A. brassicicola at the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 800-fold for isolate ABA-31 and 1600-fold for isolate ABA-104”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethanol extracts from dry fruit tissues of S. nigrum completely inhibited conidial germination of A. brassicicola for isolate ABA-104 at an MIC of 1600-fold.
- Taxon
- Cruciferst0
- Material
- isolate ABA-104e2
- Treatment
- ethanol extracts from dry fruit tissues of S. nigrume2
- Interactor
- A. brassicicolaAlternaria brassicicolae2pathogen
- Outcome
- conidial germinatione2
- Direction
- completely inhibitede2
- Value
- 1600-folde2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Control of Black Leaf Spot (Alternaria brassicicola) of Crucifers”
e2“The ethanol extracts from dry fruit tissues of S. nigrum completely inhibited conidial germination of A. brassicicola at the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 800-fold for isolate ABA-31 and 1600-fold for isolate ABA-104”
Claim · model-written summary
Water extracts from dry root tissues and ethanol extracts from fresh or dry root tissues of S. nigrum reduced black leaf spot severity on Chinese cabbage by 80% in detached-leaf tests.
- Taxon
- Chinese cabbage
Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensise4 - Treatment
- water extracts from dry root tissues and ethanol extracts from fresh or dry root tissues of S. nigrume4
- Outcome
- severity of black leaf spote4
- Direction
- reducede4
- Value
- 80%e4
- Comparator
- untreated controle4
- Setting
- detach-leaf testse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Results of detach-leaf tests showed that water extracts from dry root tissues and ethanol extracts from fresh or dry root tissues of S. nigrum reduced severity of black leaf spot of Chinese cabbage (Brassica pekinensis) by 80%, compared to the untreated control”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethanol extracts from dry root tissues of S. nigrum effectively controlled black leaf spot of crucifers in greenhouse tests when applied one day before or one or two days after inoculation.
- Taxon
- cruciferse5
- Treatment
- ethanol extracts from dry root tissues of S. nigrume5
- Outcome
- black leaf spote5
- Direction
- effectively controllede5
- Value
- 0.5 or 1% (w/v)e5
- Qualifier
- one day prior to inoculation of the pathogene5
- Setting
- greenhouse studiese5
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Control of Black Leaf Spot (Alternaria brassicicola) of Crucifers”
e5“Results of greenhouse studies showed that treatment of plants with ethanol extracts from dry root tissues of S. nigrum effectively controlled black leaf spot of crucifers, including two species of Chinese cabbage (B. chinensis and B. pekinensis) and cabbage (B. oleracea var. capitata) when 0.5 or 1% (w/v) extract was applied one day prior to inoculation of the pathogen”
Claim · model-written summary
S. nigrum extracts have potential for control of black leaf spot of crucifers, especially when applied at early stages of disease development.
Verbatim
e6“The study suggests that S. nigrum extracts have potential for control of black leaf spot of crucifers, especially when they were applied at early stages of disease development”
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