Abstract
Corn rootworms (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Diabrotica spp.) and black cutworm larvae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae, Agrotis ipsilon [Hufnagel]) are key pests of corn (Zea mays L.). Over a billion dollars per year is lost from crop loss and control costs. Soil insecticides applied to the corn crop at planting are the main control measures to prevent pest losses. These studies were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of novel terbufos/pyrethroid blends as soil insecticides against damage from corn rootworm and black cutworm larvae and observe the degradation rates of terbufos, permethrin, and cypermethrin in agricultural soils. Terbufos/pyrethroid blends did not cause phytotoxicity to young corn plants. The terbufos/pyrethroid blends did not consistently outperform the terbufos, treatments, suggesting that the addition of pyrethroids to terbufos, will not consistently enhance rootworm control. The terbufos/pyrethroid combinations reduced percent leaf feeding and percent cut plants when compared to the untreated in all experiments. The 559 mg/m rates of terbufos/permethrin and terbufos/cypermethrin provided equivalent to or better control than the industry standards for percent feeding and percent cut plants. The 372 mg/m rates of terbufos/permethrin, terbufos/cypermethrin, permethrin, and cypermethrin provided inconsistent control. The 559 mg/m rates of terbufos/permethrin and terbufos/cypermethrin provided better control than terbufos in only one location. Although not statistically significant, the 559 mg/m rates of terbufos/pyrethroid blends usually had lower percent feeding than terbufos alone. Mean residues of terbufos and terbufos sulfone declined by 97.8% and 89.3% at the Ballard location and 76.5% and 86.3% at the Gobel location over 37 days. Estimated half-lives of terbufos were approximately 14 and 28 days for the Ballard and Gobel locations, respectively. Mean residues of permethrin isomers declined by 95.6% and 92.8% at the Ballard and Gobel locations, respectively, over 37 days. Estimated half-lives of permethrin isomers were 14 to 28 days for both locations. Mean residues of cypermethrin showed inconsistent degradation rates at the Ballard and Gobel locations. Because of the variability in the data, half-lives of cypermethrin isomers could not be estimated. The degradation rates of terbufos and permethrin in these studies were consistent with the degradation rates in the literature.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Terbufos/pyrethroid blends did not cause phytotoxicity to young corn plants.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse1 - Treatment
- Terbufos/pyrethroid blendse1
- Outcome
- phytotoxicitye1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Terbufos/pyrethroid blends did not cause phytotoxicity to young corn plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Terbufos/pyrethroid blends did not consistently outperform terbufos alone in rootworm control in corn.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- terbufos/pyrethroid blendse2
- Interactor
- Corn rootwormse1pest
- Outcome
- rootworm controle2
- Comparator
- terbufose2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Corn rootworms (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Diabrotica spp.) and black cutworm larvae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae, Agrotis ipsilon [Hufnagel]) are key pests of corn (Zea mays L.)”
e2“The terbufos/pyrethroid blends did not consistently outperform the terbufos, treatments, suggesting that the addition of pyrethroids to terbufos, will not consistently enhance rootworm control”
Claim · model-written summary
Terbufos/pyrethroid combinations reduced percent leaf feeding and percent cut plants compared with untreated plots in all experiments.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- terbufos/pyrethroid combinationse2
- Interactor
- Corn rootwormse1pest
- Second interactor
- black cutworm larvaee1pest
- Outcome
- percent leaf feeding and percent cut plantse2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Qualifier
- in all experimentse2
- Comparator
- the untreatede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Corn rootworms (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Diabrotica spp.) and black cutworm larvae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae, Agrotis ipsilon [Hufnagel]) are key pests of corn (Zea mays L.)”
e2“The terbufos/pyrethroid combinations reduced percent leaf feeding and percent cut plants when compared to the untreated in all experiments”
Claim · model-written summary
The 559 mg/m rates of terbufos/permethrin and terbufos/cypermethrin gave equivalent to or better control than the industry standards for percent feeding and percent cut plants.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- 559 mg/m rates of terbufos/permethrin and terbufos/cypermethrine2
- Interactor
- Corn rootwormse1pest
- Second interactor
- black cutworm larvaee1pest
- Outcome
- percent feeding and percent cut plantse2
- Direction
- equivalent to or bettere2
- Comparator
- the industry standardse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Corn rootworms (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Diabrotica spp.) and black cutworm larvae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae, Agrotis ipsilon [Hufnagel]) are key pests of corn (Zea mays L.)”
e2“The 559 mg/m rates of terbufos/permethrin and terbufos/cypermethrin provided equivalent to or better control than the industry standards for percent feeding and percent cut plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The 372 mg/m rates of terbufos/permethrin, terbufos/cypermethrin, permethrin and cypermethrin gave inconsistent control in corn.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- 372 mg/m rates of terbufos/permethrin, terbufos/cypermethrin, permethrin, and cypermethrine2
- Outcome
- controle2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Corn rootworms (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Diabrotica spp.) and black cutworm larvae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae, Agrotis ipsilon [Hufnagel]) are key pests of corn (Zea mays L.)”
e2“The 372 mg/m rates of terbufos/permethrin, terbufos/cypermethrin, permethrin, and cypermethrin provided inconsistent control”
Claim · model-written summary
The 559 mg/m rates of terbufos/permethrin and terbufos/cypermethrin gave better control than terbufos in only one location.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- 559 mg/m rates of terbufos/permethrin and terbufos/cypermethrine2
- Outcome
- controle2
- Direction
- bettere2
- Qualifier
- in only one locatione2
- Comparator
- terbufose2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Corn rootworms (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Diabrotica spp.) and black cutworm larvae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae, Agrotis ipsilon [Hufnagel]) are key pests of corn (Zea mays L.)”
e2“The 559 mg/m rates of terbufos/permethrin and terbufos/cypermethrin provided better control than terbufos in only one location”
Claim · model-written summary
The 559 mg/m rates of terbufos/pyrethroid blends usually had lower percent feeding than terbufos alone, although not statistically significant.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- 559 mg/m rates of terbufos/pyrethroid blendse2
- Outcome
- percent feedinge2
- Direction
- lowere2
- Qualifier
- usuallye2
- Comparator
- terbufos alonee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Corn rootworms (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Diabrotica spp.) and black cutworm larvae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae, Agrotis ipsilon [Hufnagel]) are key pests of corn (Zea mays L.)”
e2“Although not statistically significant, the 559 mg/m rates of terbufos/pyrethroid blends usually had lower percent feeding than terbufos alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Terbufos residues declined by 97.8% at the Ballard location over 37 days.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Outcome
- residues of terbufose2
- Direction
- declinede2
- Value
- 97.8%e2
- Setting
- Ballard locatione2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Corn rootworms (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Diabrotica spp.) and black cutworm larvae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae, Agrotis ipsilon [Hufnagel]) are key pests of corn (Zea mays L.)”
e2“Mean residues of terbufos and terbufos sulfone declined by 97.8% and 89.3% at the Ballard location and 76.5% and 86.3% at the Gobel location over 37 days”
Claim · model-written summary
Terbufos sulfone residues declined by 89.3% at the Ballard location over 37 days.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Outcome
- terbufos sulfonee2
- Direction
- declinede2
- Value
- 89.3%e2
- Setting
- Ballard locatione2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Corn rootworms (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Diabrotica spp.) and black cutworm larvae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae, Agrotis ipsilon [Hufnagel]) are key pests of corn (Zea mays L.)”
e2“Mean residues of terbufos and terbufos sulfone declined by 97.8% and 89.3% at the Ballard location and 76.5% and 86.3% at the Gobel location over 37 days”
Claim · model-written summary
Terbufos residues declined by 76.5% at the Gobel location over 37 days.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Outcome
- residues of terbufose2
- Direction
- declinede2
- Value
- 76.5%e2
- Setting
- Gobel locatione2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Corn rootworms (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Diabrotica spp.) and black cutworm larvae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae, Agrotis ipsilon [Hufnagel]) are key pests of corn (Zea mays L.)”
e2“Mean residues of terbufos and terbufos sulfone declined by 97.8% and 89.3% at the Ballard location and 76.5% and 86.3% at the Gobel location over 37 days”
Claim · model-written summary
Terbufos sulfone residues declined by 86.3% at the Gobel location over 37 days.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Outcome
- terbufos sulfonee2
- Direction
- declinede2
- Value
- 86.3%e2
- Setting
- Gobel locatione2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Corn rootworms (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Diabrotica spp.) and black cutworm larvae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae, Agrotis ipsilon [Hufnagel]) are key pests of corn (Zea mays L.)”
e2“Mean residues of terbufos and terbufos sulfone declined by 97.8% and 89.3% at the Ballard location and 76.5% and 86.3% at the Gobel location over 37 days”
Claim · model-written summary
Permethrin isomer residues declined by 95.6% at the Ballard location over 37 days.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Outcome
- residues of permethrin isomerse2
- Direction
- declinede2
- Value
- 95.6%e2
- Setting
- Ballarde2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Corn rootworms (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Diabrotica spp.) and black cutworm larvae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae, Agrotis ipsilon [Hufnagel]) are key pests of corn (Zea mays L.)”
e2“Mean residues of permethrin isomers declined by 95.6% and 92.8% at the Ballard and Gobel locations, respectively, over 37 days”
Claim · model-written summary
Permethrin isomer residues declined by 92.8% at the Gobel location over 37 days.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Outcome
- residues of permethrin isomerse2
- Direction
- declinede2
- Value
- 92.8%e2
- Setting
- Gobele2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Corn rootworms (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Diabrotica spp.) and black cutworm larvae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae, Agrotis ipsilon [Hufnagel]) are key pests of corn (Zea mays L.)”
e2“Mean residues of permethrin isomers declined by 95.6% and 92.8% at the Ballard and Gobel locations, respectively, over 37 days”
Claim · model-written summary
The estimated half-life of terbufos was approximately 14 days at the Ballard location.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Outcome
- half-lives of terbufose2
- Value
- approximately 14e2
- Setting
- Ballarde2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Corn rootworms (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Diabrotica spp.) and black cutworm larvae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae, Agrotis ipsilon [Hufnagel]) are key pests of corn (Zea mays L.)”
e2“Estimated half-lives of terbufos were approximately 14 and 28 days for the Ballard and Gobel locations, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The estimated half-life of terbufos was 28 days at the Gobel location.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Outcome
- half-lives of terbufose2
- Value
- 28 dayse2
- Setting
- Gobele2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Corn rootworms (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Diabrotica spp.) and black cutworm larvae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae, Agrotis ipsilon [Hufnagel]) are key pests of corn (Zea mays L.)”
e2“Estimated half-lives of terbufos were approximately 14 and 28 days for the Ballard and Gobel locations, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Estimated half-lives of permethrin isomers were 14 to 28 days at both locations.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Outcome
- half-lives of permethrin isomerse2
- Value
- 14 to 28 dayse2
- Setting
- both locationse2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Corn rootworms (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Diabrotica spp.) and black cutworm larvae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae, Agrotis ipsilon [Hufnagel]) are key pests of corn (Zea mays L.)”
e2“Estimated half-lives of permethrin isomers were 14 to 28 days for both locations”
Claim · model-written summary
Cypermethrin residues showed inconsistent degradation rates at the Ballard and Gobel locations.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Outcome
- residues of cypermethrine2
- Setting
- Ballard and Gobel locationse2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Corn rootworms (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Diabrotica spp.) and black cutworm larvae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae, Agrotis ipsilon [Hufnagel]) are key pests of corn (Zea mays L.)”
e2“Mean residues of cypermethrin showed inconsistent degradation rates at the Ballard and Gobel locations”
Claim · model-written summary
Half-lives of cypermethrin isomers could not be estimated because of variability in the data.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Outcome
- half-lives of cypermethrin isomerse2
- Qualifier
- Because of the variability in the datae2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Corn rootworms (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Diabrotica spp.) and black cutworm larvae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae, Agrotis ipsilon [Hufnagel]) are key pests of corn (Zea mays L.)”
e2“Because of the variability in the data, half-lives of cypermethrin isomers could not be estimated”
Claim · model-written summary
Degradation rates of terbufos and permethrin in these studies were consistent with the degradation rates in the literature.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Outcome
- degradation rates of terbufos and permethrine2
- Comparator
- the degradation rates in the literaturee2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Corn rootworms (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Diabrotica spp.) and black cutworm larvae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae, Agrotis ipsilon [Hufnagel]) are key pests of corn (Zea mays L.)”
e2“The degradation rates of terbufos and permethrin in these studies were consistent with the degradation rates in the literature”
The same questions in other papers
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- negative
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- positive
cypermethrin · pest · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
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- positive
- positive
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See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.