Abstract
The plant-signaling molecules salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) play an important role in induced disease resistance pathways. Cross-talk between SA- and JA-dependent pathways can result in inhibition of JA-mediated defense responses. We investigated possible antagonistic interactions between the SA-dependent systemic acquired resistance (SAR) pathway, which is induced upon pathogen infection, and the JA-dependent induced systemic resistance (ISR) pathway, which is triggered by nonpathogenic Pseudomonas rhizobacteria. In Arabidopsis thaliana, SAR and ISR are effective against a broad spectrum of pathogens, including the foliar pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst). Simultaneous activation of SAR and ISR resulted in an additive effect on the level of induced protection against Pst. In Arabidopsis genotypes that are blocked in either SAR or ISR, this additive effect was not evident. Moreover, induction of ISR did not affect the expression of the SAR marker gene PR-1 in plants expressing SAR. Together, these observations demonstrate that the SAR and the ISR pathway are compatible and that there is no significant cross-talk between these pathways. SAR and ISR both require the key regulatory protein NPR1. Plants expressing both types of induced resistance did not show elevated Npr1 transcript levels, indicating that the constitutive level of NPR1 is sufficient to facilitate simultaneous expression of SAR and ISR. These results suggest that the enhanced level of protection is established through parallel activation of complementary, NPR1-dependent defense responses that are both active against Pst. Therefore, combining SAR and ISR provides an attractive tool for the improvement of disease control.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
SAR and ISR protect Arabidopsis against Pst.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianae0 - Interactor
- Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato
Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomatoe0pathogen - Outcome
- effective against a broad spectrum of pathogense0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Arabidopsis thaliana, SAR and ISR are effective against a broad spectrum of pathogens, including the foliar pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst)”
Claim · model-written summary
Simultaneous SAR and ISR activation additively improved protection against Pst.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- Simultaneous activation of SAR and ISRe0
- Interactor
- Pste0pathogen
- Outcome
- induced protection against Pste0
- Direction
- additive effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Simultaneous activation of SAR and ISR resulted in an additive effect on the level of induced protection against Pst”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
The additive protection was absent when either SAR or ISR was blocked.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Material
- Arabidopsis genotypese0
- Outcome
- additive effect was not evidente0
- Qualifier
- blocked in either SAR or ISRe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Arabidopsis genotypes that are blocked in either SAR or ISR, this additive effect was not evident”
Claim · model-written summary
ISR induction did not affect PR-1 expression in plants expressing SAR.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- induction of ISRe0
- Gene
- PR-1e0
- Outcome
- expression of the SAR marker gene PR-1e0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“induction of ISR did not affect the expression of the SAR marker gene PR-1 in plants expressing SAR”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Plants expressing both resistance types did not show elevated Npr1 transcript levels.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Gene
- Npr1e0
- Outcome
- Npr1 transcript levelse0
- Direction
- did not show elevatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants expressing both types of induced resistance did not show elevated Npr1 transcript levels”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Constitutive NPR1 was sufficient for simultaneous SAR and ISR expression.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Gene
- NPR1e0
- Outcome
- simultaneous expression of SAR and ISRe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“constitutive level of NPR1 is sufficient to facilitate simultaneous expression of SAR and ISR”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Enhanced protection may arise through parallel NPR1 dependent defense responses.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Interactor
- Pste0pathogen
- Gene
- NPR1e0
- Outcome
- enhanced level of protectione0
- Qualifier
- parallel activation of complementary, NPR1-dependent defense responsese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“enhanced level of protection is established through parallel activation of complementary, NPR1-dependent defense responses that are both active against Pst”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Combining SAR and ISR is recommended for disease control.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Outcome
- improvement of disease controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“combining SAR and ISR provides an attractive tool for the improvement of disease control”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
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resistance inducer · disease · Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress)Positive and negative results
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See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.