Abstract
The mandelic acid amide, mandipropamid, which belongs to the carboxylic acid amide (CAA) fungicides, is active against Plasmopara viticola, the causal agent of grapevine downy mildew. The fungicide primarily inhibits the germination of encysted zoospores, thus preventing the pathogen’s penetration into the host tissues, but it also shows curative effects. In this study, the infection structures of P. viticola in both leaves and berries were investigated to detect the histological and ultrastructural alterations induced by mandipropamid when applied after inoculation. Compared to the untreated samples characterized by a diffuse colonization of the tissues and by a normal ultrastructure of the pathogen, the application of mandipropamid 24 h after inoculation with P. viticola reduced pathogen colonization in leaves and berries. In addition, detachment of the plasmalemma from the hyphal and haustorial walls was observed 72 h after inoculation. In the berries, an abnormal proliferation of the pathogen plasma membrane was observed. Collapsed hyphae and haustoria in treated leaves were surrounded by callose or encapsulated in an amorphous material inside the host cell 72 h after inoculation, while a similar effect was observed in later stages (7 days) in berries. The results confirm that mandipropamid, which acts at the interface between the pathogen plasmalemma and cell wall, has curative activity against P. viticola, appearing more rapidly in leaves than in berries.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Mandipropamid applied 24 hours after inoculation reduced Plasmopara viticola colonization in leaves.
- Organ / stage
- leavese1
- Treatment
- application of mandipropamid 24 h after inoculation with P. viticolae1
- Interactor
- Plasmopara viticola
Plasmopara viticolae2pathogen - Outcome
- pathogen colonizatione1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Comparator
- untreated samplese1
VitisOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grapevine downy mildew”
e1“Compared to the untreated samples characterized by a diffuse colonization of the tissues and by a normal ultrastructure of the pathogen, the application of mandipropamid 24 h after inoculation with P. viticola reduced pathogen colonization in leaves and berries”
e2“Plasmopara viticola”
Claim · model-written summary
Mandipropamid applied 24 hours after inoculation reduced Plasmopara viticola colonization in berries.
- Organ / stage
- berriese1
- Treatment
- application of mandipropamid 24 h after inoculation with P. viticolae1
- Interactor
- Plasmopara viticolaPlasmopara viticolae2pathogen
- Outcome
- pathogen colonizatione1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Comparator
- untreated samplese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grapevine downy mildew”
e1“Compared to the untreated samples characterized by a diffuse colonization of the tissues and by a normal ultrastructure of the pathogen, the application of mandipropamid 24 h after inoculation with P. viticola reduced pathogen colonization in leaves and berries”
e2“Plasmopara viticola”
Claim · model-written summary
Mandipropamid caused detachment of pathogen plasmalemma from hyphal and haustorial walls 72 hours after inoculation.
- Interactor
- Plasmopara viticolaPlasmopara viticolae2pathogen
- Outcome
- detachment of the plasmalemma from the hyphal and haustorial wallse1
- Qualifier
- 72 h after inoculatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grapevine downy mildew”
e1“detachment of the plasmalemma from the hyphal and haustorial walls was observed 72 h after inoculation”
e2“Plasmopara viticola”
Claim · model-written summary
Pathogen plasma membrane proliferated abnormally in treated berries.
- Organ / stage
- berriese1
- Interactor
- Plasmopara viticolaPlasmopara viticolae2pathogen
- Outcome
- abnormal proliferation of the pathogen plasma membranee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grapevine downy mildew”
e1“In the berries, an abnormal proliferation of the pathogen plasma membrane was observed”
e2“Plasmopara viticola”
Claim · model-written summary
Collapsed pathogen hyphae and haustoria in treated leaves were surrounded by callose or amorphous material at 72 hours.
- Organ / stage
- leavese1
- Interactor
- Plasmopara viticolaPlasmopara viticolae2pathogen
- Outcome
- Collapsed hyphae and haustoriae1
- Qualifier
- 72 h after inoculatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grapevine downy mildew”
e1“Collapsed hyphae and haustoria in treated leaves were surrounded by callose or encapsulated in an amorphous material inside the host cell 72 h after inoculation”
e2“Plasmopara viticola”
Claim · model-written summary
A similar collapse response occurred in berries at seven days.
- Organ / stage
- berriese1
- Interactor
- Plasmopara viticolaPlasmopara viticolae2pathogen
- Outcome
- a similar effecte1
- Qualifier
- 7 dayse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grapevine downy mildew”
e1“a similar effect was observed in later stages (7 days) in berries”
e2“Plasmopara viticola”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors concluded that mandipropamid has curative activity against Plasmopara viticola, appearing sooner in leaves than berries.
- Organ / stage
- leavese1
- Interactor
- Plasmopara viticolaPlasmopara viticolae2pathogen
- Outcome
- curative activity against P. viticolae1
- Direction
- more rapidlye1
- Comparator
- berriese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grapevine downy mildew”
e1“mandipropamid, which acts at the interface between the pathogen plasmalemma and cell wall, has curative activity against P. viticola, appearing more rapidly in leaves than in berries”
e2“Plasmopara viticola”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · disease · VitisPositive and negative results
18 papers in the same direction as this paper · 48 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
63 papers more in this group
See all 67 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.