Abstract
Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to determine the effects of phenamiphos and/or alachlor on early growth of soybean, root morphology, and infection and resurgence of Heterodera glycines (race 1). All tests were planted to 'Ransom' soybeans. In greenhouse experiments without nematodes, root growth was inhibited at 5 days by alachlor treatments and at 10 days by phenamiphos treatments; with nematodes, phenamiphos treatments enhanced root growth. Phenamiphos also suppressed early penetration of soybean roots by H. glycines in the greenhouse. Early soybean growth parameters among treatments were generally similar in the field. Nematode penetration was limited with treatments containing phenamiphos at one location. Plants treated with only alachlor had less nematode infection than did the control; however, plants treated with herbicide/nematicide combinations had more nematode penetration than did plants treated with phenamiphos alone. Alterations of root growth and interference with the efficacy of phenamiphos are two processes by which alachlor may enhance soybean susceptibility or suitability to H. glycines.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Alachlor inhibited root growth at day 5 without nematodes.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- alachlor treatmentse0
- Outcome
- root growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Value
- 5 dayse0
- Qualifier
- without nematodese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“without nematodes, root growth was inhibited at 5 days by alachlor treatments”
t0“Soybean”
t1“Early Growth of Soybean as Altered by Heterodera glycines, Phenamiphos and/or Alachlor.”
e1“without nematodes, root growth was inhibited at 5 days by alachlor treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Phenamiphos inhibited root growth at day 10 without nematodes.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- phenamiphos treatmentse0
- Outcome
- root growthe1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
- Value
- 10 dayse0
- Qualifier
- without nematodese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at 10 days by phenamiphos treatments”
t0“Soybean”
t1“Early Growth of Soybean as Altered by Heterodera glycines, Phenamiphos and/or Alachlor.”
e1“In greenhouse experiments without nematodes, root growth was inhibited at 5 days by alachlor treatments and at 10 days by phenamiphos treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Phenamiphos enhanced root growth with nematodes.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- phenamiphos treatmentse0
- Interactor
- H. glycines
Heterodera glycinese1pathogen - Outcome
- root growthe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- with nematodese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with nematodes, phenamiphos treatments enhanced root growth”
t0“Soybean”
t1“Early Growth of Soybean as Altered by Heterodera glycines, Phenamiphos and/or Alachlor.”
e1“Phenamiphos also suppressed early penetration of soybean roots by H. glycines in the greenhouse”
Claim · model-written summary
Phenamiphos suppressed early H. glycines penetration of soybean roots in the greenhouse.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Phenamiphose0
- Interactor
- H. glycinesHeterodera glycinese0pathogen
- Outcome
- penetration of soybean roots by H. glycinese0
- Direction
- suppressede0
- Setting
- greenhousee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phenamiphos also suppressed early penetration of soybean roots by H. glycines in the greenhouse”
e1“Phenamiphos also suppressed early penetration of soybean roots by H. glycines in the greenhouse”
Claim · model-written summary
Early soybean growth parameters were generally similar among treatments in the field.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Early soybean growth parameterse0
- Direction
- generally similare0
- Setting
- fielde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Early soybean growth parameters among treatments were generally similar in the field”
e1“Early soybean growth parameters among treatments were generally similar in the field”
Claim · model-written summary
Phenamiphos-containing treatments limited nematode penetration at one field location.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- treatments containing phenamiphose0
- Interactor
- Heterodera glycinesHeterodera glycinest1pathogen
- Outcome
- Nematode penetratione0
- Direction
- limitede0
- Setting
- one locatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nematode penetration was limited with treatments containing phenamiphos at one location”
t0“Soybean”
t1“Early Growth of Soybean as Altered by Heterodera glycines, Phenamiphos and/or Alachlor.”
e1“Nematode penetration was limited with treatments containing phenamiphos at one location”
Claim · model-written summary
Alachlor alone reduced nematode infection relative to the control.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- only alachlore0
- Interactor
- Heterodera glycinesHeterodera glycinest1pathogen
- Outcome
- nematode infectione0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants treated with only alachlor had less nematode infection than did the control”
t0“Soybean”
t1“Early Growth of Soybean as Altered by Heterodera glycines, Phenamiphos and/or Alachlor.”
e1“Plants treated with only alachlor had less nematode infection than did the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide and nematicide combinations increased nematode penetration compared with phenamiphos alone.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- herbicide/nematicide combinationse0
- Interactor
- Heterodera glycinesHeterodera glycinest1pathogen
- Outcome
- nematode penetratione0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- phenamiphos alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plants treated with herbicide/nematicide combinations had more nematode penetration than did plants treated with phenamiphos alone”
t0“Soybean”
t1“Early Growth of Soybean as Altered by Heterodera glycines, Phenamiphos and/or Alachlor.”
e1“plants treated with herbicide/nematicide combinations had more nematode penetration than did plants treated with phenamiphos alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Alachlor may enhance soybean susceptibility to H. glycines through altered root growth and interference with phenamiphos efficacy.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- alachlore0
- Interactor
- H. glycinesHeterodera glycinese0pathogen
- Outcome
- soybean susceptibility or suitability to H. glycinese0
- Qualifier
- Alterations of root growth and interference with the efficacy of phenamiphose0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Alterations of root growth and interference with the efficacy of phenamiphos are two processes by which alachlor may enhance soybean susceptibility or suitability to H. glycines”
e1“Alterations of root growth and interference with the efficacy of phenamiphos are two processes by which alachlor may enhance soybean susceptibility or suitability to H. glycines”
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