Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the Cd availability and toxicity as affected by NaCl-induced salinity and farmyard manure addition. The Cd availability and toxicity were investigated in greenhouse pot and incubation experiments were conducted on a calcareous loamy sand soil contaminated with Cd (0.5, 1.5, 3, 6, 12, and 24 mg kg −1 of soil) and amended with two rates of 0.0 and 30 g farmyard manure (FYM) kg −1 . Barley seeds ( Hordeum vulgare L.) were sown in pots and irrigated with water containing different levels of salinity (0, 30, 60, and 120 mM NaCl). The results revealed that the DTPA-extractable Cd and its content in barley plant shoots tended to increase in line as Cd was applied and salt levels increased. Elevated decreases in the soil basal respiration with increased Cd applied and NaCl-induced salinity were found. However, applying FYM significantly reduced Cd availability and increased plant growth and soil respiration activity. The results clearly showed that adding farmyard manure as soil organic amendment decreased the availability of Cd to barley plants and mitigated the toxicity of both Cd and salinity to soil microbial activity.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot Cd content and DTPA-extractable Cd in barley tended to increase with Cd application and salt levels.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree1 - Treatment
- salt levelse1
- Outcome
- DTPA-extractable Cd and its content in barley plant shootse1
- Direction
- increasee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“the DTPA-extractable Cd and its content in barley plant shoots tended to increase in line as Cd was applied and salt levels increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil basal respiration decreased with increased Cd and NaCl-induced salinity.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- increased Cd applied and NaCl-induced salinitye2
- Outcome
- soil basal respiratione2
- Direction
- decreasese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the DTPA-extractable Cd and its content in barley plant shoots tended to increase in line as Cd was applied and salt levels increased”
e2“Elevated decreases in the soil basal respiration with increased Cd applied and NaCl-induced salinity were found”
Claim · model-written summary
Farmyard manure significantly reduced Cd availability.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree4
- Treatment
- applying FYMe3
- Outcome
- Cd availabilitye3
- Direction
- reducede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“applying FYM significantly reduced Cd availability and increased plant growth and soil respiration activity”
e4“adding farmyard manure as soil organic amendment decreased the availability of Cd to barley plants and mitigated the toxicity of both Cd and salinity to soil microbial activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Farmyard manure increased plant growth.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree4
- Treatment
- applying FYMe3
- Outcome
- plant growthe3
- Direction
- increasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“applying FYM significantly reduced Cd availability and increased plant growth and soil respiration activity”
e4“adding farmyard manure as soil organic amendment decreased the availability of Cd to barley plants and mitigated the toxicity of both Cd and salinity to soil microbial activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Farmyard manure increased soil respiration activity.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree4
- Treatment
- applying FYMe3
- Outcome
- soil respiration activitye3
- Direction
- increasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“applying FYM significantly reduced Cd availability and increased plant growth and soil respiration activity”
e4“adding farmyard manure as soil organic amendment decreased the availability of Cd to barley plants and mitigated the toxicity of both Cd and salinity to soil microbial activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Farmyard manure mitigated the toxicity of Cd and salinity to soil microbial activity.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree4
- Treatment
- adding farmyard manure as soil organic amendmente4
- Outcome
- toxicity of both Cd and salinity to soil microbial activitye4
- Direction
- mitigatede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“adding farmyard manure as soil organic amendment decreased the availability of Cd to barley plants and mitigated the toxicity of both Cd and salinity to soil microbial activity”
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