Abstract
Several natural products present in plant extracts have been evaluated for their effectiveness as insecticides. Petiveria alliacea (Phytolaccaceae) is a perennial herb whose distribution includes tropical areas of Mexico and Central America, as well as other regions. Its properties as insecticide and acaricide have been reported. To determine the toxic effects of P. alliacea on the greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum, mortality rate and LC50 were evaluated in the laboratory and in a greenhouse hydroponic tomato crop. In the laboratory, mortality rates were 98.35% for the aqueous extract and 100% for the methanol and dichloromethane extracts. Under greenhouse conditions, the mortality rates were 58.33, 48.75 and 57.55% for the aqueous, methanol and dichloromethane extracts, re-spectively. The LC50 for aqueous, methanol and dichlorometh-ane extracts were 4.6, 1.1 and 0.3%, respectively, in the lab-oratory, and 16.6, 13.3 and 3.5%, respectively, in the green-house. The treatments did not interfere with the tomato yield (weight and fruit diameter), nor was there significant difference among them. It is thus inferred that the use of the extracts for T. vaporariorum control is feasible.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Aqueous extract produced 98.35% whitefly mortality in the laboratory.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume2 - Treatment
- aqueous extracte0
- Interactor
- Trialeurodes vaporariorum
Trialeurodes vaporariorume1pest - Outcome
- mortality ratese0
- Value
- 98.35%e0
- Setting
- laboratorye0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the laboratory, mortality rates were 98.35% for the aqueous extract”
e1“greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum”
e2“greenhouse hydroponic tomato crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Methanol extract produced 100% whitefly mortality in the laboratory.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume3
- Treatment
- methanole0
- Interactor
- Trialeurodes vaporariorumTrialeurodes vaporariorume2pest
- Outcome
- mortality ratese1
- Value
- 100%e0
- Setting
- laboratorye1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“100% for the methanol and dichloromethane extracts”
e1“In the laboratory, mortality rates were 98.35% for the aqueous extract”
e2“greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum”
e3“greenhouse hydroponic tomato crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Dichloromethane extract produced 100% whitefly mortality in the laboratory.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume3
- Treatment
- dichloromethane extractse0
- Interactor
- Trialeurodes vaporariorumTrialeurodes vaporariorume2pest
- Outcome
- mortality ratese1
- Value
- 100%e0
- Setting
- laboratorye1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“100% for the methanol and dichloromethane extracts”
e1“In the laboratory, mortality rates were 98.35% for the aqueous extract”
e2“greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum”
e3“greenhouse hydroponic tomato crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Aqueous extract produced 58.33% greenhouse mortality.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume2
- Treatment
- aqueouse0
- Interactor
- Trialeurodes vaporariorumTrialeurodes vaporariorume1pest
- Outcome
- mortality ratese0
- Value
- 58.33e0
- Setting
- greenhouse conditionse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under greenhouse conditions, the mortality rates were 58.33, 48.75 and 57.55% for the aqueous, methanol and dichloromethane extracts, re-spectively”
e1“greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum”
e2“greenhouse hydroponic tomato crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Methanol extract produced 48.75% greenhouse mortality.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume2
- Treatment
- methanole0
- Interactor
- Trialeurodes vaporariorumTrialeurodes vaporariorume1pest
- Outcome
- mortality ratese0
- Value
- 48.75e0
- Setting
- greenhouse conditionse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under greenhouse conditions, the mortality rates were 58.33, 48.75 and 57.55% for the aqueous, methanol and dichloromethane extracts, re-spectively”
e1“greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum”
e2“greenhouse hydroponic tomato crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Dichloromethane extract produced 57.55% greenhouse mortality.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume2
- Treatment
- dichloromethane extractse0
- Interactor
- Trialeurodes vaporariorumTrialeurodes vaporariorume1pest
- Outcome
- mortality ratese0
- Value
- 57.55%e0
- Setting
- greenhouse conditionse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under greenhouse conditions, the mortality rates were 58.33, 48.75 and 57.55% for the aqueous, methanol and dichloromethane extracts, re-spectively”
e1“greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum”
e2“greenhouse hydroponic tomato crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Laboratory LC50 for aqueous extract was 4.6%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume2
- Treatment
- aqueouse0
- Interactor
- Trialeurodes vaporariorumTrialeurodes vaporariorume1pest
- Outcome
- LC50e0
- Value
- 4.6e0
- Setting
- lab-oratorye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The LC50 for aqueous, methanol and dichlorometh-ane extracts were 4.6, 1.1 and 0.3%, respectively, in the lab-oratory”
e1“greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum”
e2“greenhouse hydroponic tomato crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Laboratory LC50 for methanol extract was 1.1%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume2
- Treatment
- methanole0
- Interactor
- Trialeurodes vaporariorumTrialeurodes vaporariorume1pest
- Outcome
- LC50e0
- Value
- 1.1e0
- Setting
- lab-oratorye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The LC50 for aqueous, methanol and dichlorometh-ane extracts were 4.6, 1.1 and 0.3%, respectively, in the lab-oratory”
e1“greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum”
e2“greenhouse hydroponic tomato crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Laboratory LC50 for dichloromethane extract was 0.3%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume2
- Treatment
- dichlorometh-ane extractse0
- Interactor
- Trialeurodes vaporariorumTrialeurodes vaporariorume1pest
- Outcome
- LC50e0
- Value
- 0.3%e0
- Setting
- lab-oratorye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The LC50 for aqueous, methanol and dichlorometh-ane extracts were 4.6, 1.1 and 0.3%, respectively, in the lab-oratory”
e1“greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum”
e2“greenhouse hydroponic tomato crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Greenhouse LC50 for aqueous extract was 16.6%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume3
- Treatment
- aqueouse1
- Interactor
- Trialeurodes vaporariorumTrialeurodes vaporariorume2pest
- Outcome
- LC50e1
- Value
- 16.6e0
- Setting
- green-housee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“and 16.6, 13.3 and 3.5%, respectively, in the green-house”
e1“The LC50 for aqueous, methanol and dichlorometh-ane extracts”
e2“greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum”
e3“greenhouse hydroponic tomato crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Greenhouse LC50 for methanol extract was 13.3%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume3
- Treatment
- methanole1
- Interactor
- Trialeurodes vaporariorumTrialeurodes vaporariorume2pest
- Outcome
- LC50e1
- Value
- 13.3e0
- Setting
- green-housee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“and 16.6, 13.3 and 3.5%, respectively, in the green-house”
e1“The LC50 for aqueous, methanol and dichlorometh-ane extracts”
e2“greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum”
e3“greenhouse hydroponic tomato crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Greenhouse LC50 for dichloromethane extract was 3.5%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume3
- Treatment
- dichlorometh-ane extractse1
- Interactor
- Trialeurodes vaporariorumTrialeurodes vaporariorume2pest
- Outcome
- LC50e1
- Value
- 3.5%e0
- Setting
- green-housee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“and 16.6, 13.3 and 3.5%, respectively, in the green-house”
e1“The LC50 for aqueous, methanol and dichlorometh-ane extracts”
e2“greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum”
e3“greenhouse hydroponic tomato crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Extract treatments did not significantly differ in tomato yield measures.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- treatmentse0
- Outcome
- tomato yield (weight and fruit diameter)e0
- Direction
- did not interferee0
- Comparator
- among theme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatments did not interfere with the tomato yield (weight and fruit diameter), nor was there significant difference among them”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that the extracts are feasible for whitefly control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Interactor
- T. vaporariorumTrialeurodes vaporariorume0pest
- Outcome
- use of the extracts for T. vaporariorum controle0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the use of the extracts for T. vaporariorum control is feasible”
e1“greenhouse hydroponic tomato crop”
The same questions in other papers
botanical · Trialeurodes vaporariorum · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.