Abstract
The capacity of the fungus Trichoderma harzianum CECT 2413 to colonize roots and stimulate plant growth was analyzed. Tobacco seedlings (Nicotiana benthamiana) transferred to Petri dishes inoculated with T. harzianum conidia showed increased plant fresh weight (140%) and foliar area (300%), as well as the proliferation of secondary roots (300%) and true leaves (140%). The interaction between strain CECT 2413 and the tomato-root system was also studied during the early stages of root colonization by the fungus. When T. harzianum conidia were inoculated into the liquid medium of hydroponically grown tomato plants (Lycopersicum esculentum), profuse adhesion of hyphae to the plant roots as well as colonization of the root epidermis and cortex were observed. Confocal microscopy of a T. harzianum transformant that expressed the green fluorescent protein (GFP) revealed intercellular hyphal growth and the formation of plant-induced papilla-like hyphal tips. Analysis of the T. harzianum-tomato interaction in soil indicated that the contact between T. harzianum and the roots persisted over a long period of time. This interaction was characterized by the presence of yeast-like cells, a novel and previously undescribed developmental change. To study the molecular mechanism underlying fungal ability to colonize the tomato-root system, the T. harzianum transcriptome was analyzed during the early stages of the plant-fungus interaction. The expression of fungal genes related to redox reactions, lipid metabolism, detoxification, and sugar or amino-acid transport increased when T. harzianum colonized tomato roots. These observations are similar to those regarding the interactions of mycorrhiza and pathogenic fungi with plants.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Tobacco seedlings grown with T. harzianum conidia showed 140% increased plant fresh weight.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamiana
Nicotiana benthamianae0 - Treatment
- inoculated with T. harzianum conidiae0
- Interactor
- T. harzianum
Trichoderma harzianume0symbiont - Outcome
- plant fresh weighte1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 140%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tobacco seedlings (Nicotiana benthamiana) transferred to Petri dishes inoculated with T. harzianum conidia”
e1“increased plant fresh weight (140%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Tobacco seedlings grown with T. harzianum conidia showed 300% increased foliar area.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Treatment
- inoculated with T. harzianum conidiae0
- Interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume0symbiont
- Outcome
- foliar areae1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 300%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tobacco seedlings (Nicotiana benthamiana) transferred to Petri dishes inoculated with T. harzianum conidia”
e1“increased plant fresh weight (140%) and foliar area (300%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Tobacco seedlings grown with T. harzianum conidia showed proliferation of secondary roots (300%).
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Treatment
- inoculated with T. harzianum conidiae0
- Interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume0symbiont
- Outcome
- secondary rootse1
- Direction
- proliferatione1
- Value
- 300%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tobacco seedlings (Nicotiana benthamiana) transferred to Petri dishes inoculated with T. harzianum conidia”
e1“the proliferation of secondary roots (300%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Tobacco seedlings grown with T. harzianum conidia showed proliferation of true leaves (140%).
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Treatment
- inoculated with T. harzianum conidiae0
- Interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume0symbiont
- Outcome
- true leavese1
- Direction
- proliferatione1
- Value
- 140%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tobacco seedlings (Nicotiana benthamiana) transferred to Petri dishes inoculated with T. harzianum conidia”
e1“proliferation of secondary roots (300%) and true leaves (140%)”
Claim · model-written summary
In hydroponically grown tomato inoculated with T. harzianum conidia, profuse hyphal adhesion to roots and colonization of the root epidermis and cortex were observed.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Organ / stage
- root epidermis and cortexe0
- Treatment
- T. harzianum conidia were inoculated into the liquid mediume0
- Interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume0symbiont
- Outcome
- colonization of the root epidermis and cortexe0
- Setting
- hydroponically growne0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When T. harzianum conidia were inoculated into the liquid medium of hydroponically grown tomato plants (Lycopersicum esculentum), profuse adhesion of hyphae to the plant roots as well as colonization of the root epidermis and cortex were observed”
Claim · model-written summary
Confocal microscopy of a GFP-expressing T. harzianum transformant revealed intercellular hyphal growth and plant-induced papilla-like hyphal tips on tomato roots.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume0symbiont
- Outcome
- intercellular hyphal growth and the formation of plant-induced papilla-like hyphal tipse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Confocal microscopy of a T. harzianum transformant that expressed the green fluorescent protein (GFP) revealed intercellular hyphal growth and the formation of plant-induced papilla-like hyphal tips”
t0“tomato roots”
Claim · model-written summary
In soil, contact between T. harzianum and tomato roots persisted over a long period of time.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume0symbiont
- Outcome
- contact between T. harzianum and the roots persisted over a long period of timee0
- Setting
- soile0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Analysis of the T. harzianum-tomato interaction in soil indicated that the contact between T. harzianum and the roots persisted over a long period of time”
Claim · model-written summary
The T. harzianum-tomato interaction was characterized by yeast-like cells, described as a novel, previously undescribed developmental change.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- presence of yeast-like cellse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This interaction was characterized by the presence of yeast-like cells, a novel and previously undescribed developmental change”
t0“tomato roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Expression of fungal genes related to redox reactions, lipid metabolism, detoxification and sugar or amino-acid transport increased when T. harzianum colonized tomato roots.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume0symbiont
- Outcome
- expression of fungal genes related to redox reactions, lipid metabolism, detoxification, and sugar or amino-acid transporte0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The expression of fungal genes related to redox reactions, lipid metabolism, detoxification, and sugar or amino-acid transport increased when T. harzianum colonized tomato roots”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · growth · Nicotiana benthamianaPositive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- negative
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.