By interacting organism › Fungi › Hypocreaceae › Trichoderma harzianum

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Co-culturing Aspergillus flavus with Trichoderma harzianum significantly decreased aflatoxin levels, a relative reduction of 99.3% compared with aflatoxigenic treatments alone.

Taxon: Zea maysZea mayst0
Treatment: Co-culturing of A. flavus with T. harzianume0
Interactor: A. flavusAspergillus flavuse0pathogen
Second interactor: T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent
Outcome: AFT levelse0
Direction: decreasee0
Value: 99.3%e0
Comparator: aflatoxigenic treatments alonee0

Verbatim

t0
“Zea mays”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 47–55

e0
“Co-culturing of A. flavus with T. harzianum resulted in a significant decrease in AFT levels, achieving a relative reduction of 99.3% compared to aflatoxigenic treatments alone”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1309–1485

Title

Trichoderma harzianum Suppresses Aflatoxins in Zea mays: A Biological Strategy for Pakistan’s Agriculture Industry

Aisha Khalid; Shazia Iram; Irum Asif; et al. Stresses 2026. doi:10.3390/stresses6020034

Other claims from this paper (4)

Intervention effect T. harzianum reduced the aflatoxin level produced by A. flavus alone from 5120 ± 560 µg/kg to 50.1 ± 1.10 µg/kg.
Intervention effect T. asperellum reduced the aflatoxin level produced by A. flavus alone from 5120 ± 560 µg/kg to 63.1 ± 3.1 µg/kg.
Intervention effect Aspergillus flavus negatively affected maize germination and early growth.
Intervention effect Trichoderma harzianum significantly enhanced maize germination and early growth.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

T. harzianum reduced the aflatoxin level produced by A. flavus alone from 5120 ± 560 µg/kg to 50.1 ± 1.10 µg/kg.

Taxon: Zea maysZea mayst0
Treatment: T. harzianume0
Interactor: A. flavusAspergillus flavuse0pathogen
Second interactor: T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent
Outcome: AFT productione0
Direction: reducinge0
Value: 50.1 ± 1.10e0
Qualifier: 5120 ± 560 µg/kge0
Comparator: A. flavus alonee0

Verbatim

t0
“Zea mays”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 47–55

e0
“T. harzianum and T. asperellum were the most effective at lowering AFT production of the aflatoxigenic strains, reducing the 5120 ± 560 µg/kg AFT level produced by A. flavus alone to 50.1 ± 1.10 and 63.1 ± 3.1 µg/kg, respectively”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1514–1743

Title

Trichoderma harzianum Suppresses Aflatoxins in Zea mays: A Biological Strategy for Pakistan’s Agriculture Industry

Aisha Khalid; Shazia Iram; Irum Asif; et al. Stresses 2026. doi:10.3390/stresses6020034

Other claims from this paper (4)

Intervention effect Co-culturing Aspergillus flavus with Trichoderma harzianum significantly decreased aflatoxin levels, a relative reduction of 99.3% compared with aflatoxigenic treatments alone.
Intervention effect T. asperellum reduced the aflatoxin level produced by A. flavus alone from 5120 ± 560 µg/kg to 63.1 ± 3.1 µg/kg.
Intervention effect Aspergillus flavus negatively affected maize germination and early growth.
Intervention effect Trichoderma harzianum significantly enhanced maize germination and early growth.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Trichoderma harzianum significantly enhanced maize germination and early growth.

Taxon: Zea maysZea mayst0
Treatment: T. harzianume0
Interactor: T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent
Outcome: germination and early growthe0
Direction: enhancede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

t0
“Zea mays”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 47–55

e0
“A. flavus negatively affected germination and early growth, whereas T. harzianum significantly enhanced both parameters”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1745–1864

Title

Trichoderma harzianum Suppresses Aflatoxins in Zea mays: A Biological Strategy for Pakistan’s Agriculture Industry

Aisha Khalid; Shazia Iram; Irum Asif; et al. Stresses 2026. doi:10.3390/stresses6020034

Other claims from this paper (4)

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Papaya treated with T. harzianum under 75% ETc attained a yield of 93.29 kg per plant.

Taxon: PapayaCarica papayat0
Treatment: T. harzianume1
Interactor: T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume1other
Outcome: yielde2
Value: 93.29 kg plant−1e1
Qualifier: 75% ETce1

Verbatim

t0
“Papaya”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 60–66

e1
“T. harzianum under 75% ETc attained 93.29 kg plant−1”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 677–729

e2
“increased yield”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 504–519

Title

Modulation of Leaf Ionic Composition and Yield of ‘Formosa’ Papaya by Specific Biostimulants Under Deficit Irrigation

Maíla Vieira Dantas; Reynaldo Teodoro de Fátima; Geovani Soares de Lima; et al. Agriculture 2026. doi:10.3390/agriculture16060652

Other claims from this paper (9)

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The T. harzianum-based biostimulant reduced leaf sodium in papaya under 75% ETc.

Taxon: PapayaCarica papayat0
Treatment: T. harzianum-based biostimulante1
Interactor: T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume1other
Outcome: leaf sodium (Na)e1
Direction: reducede1
Qualifier: under 75% ETce1

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

t0
“Papaya”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 60–66

e1
“The T. harzianum-based biostimulant reduced leaf sodium (Na) under 75% ETc”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 908–982

Title

Modulation of Leaf Ionic Composition and Yield of ‘Formosa’ Papaya by Specific Biostimulants Under Deficit Irrigation

Maíla Vieira Dantas; Reynaldo Teodoro de Fátima; Geovani Soares de Lima; et al. Agriculture 2026. doi:10.3390/agriculture16060652

Other claims from this paper (9)

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Biochar at 3% combined with Trichoderma harzianum and Pseudomonas fluorescens was the best treatment and managed Phomopsis blight severity at 22.2%.

Taxon: brinjalSolanum melongenae0
Treatment: 3 % biochar, Trichoderma harzianum and Pseudomonas fluorescense1
Interactor: Phomopsis vexansDiaporthe vexanse0pathogen
Second interactor: Trichoderma harzianumTrichoderma harzianume1biocontrol_agent
Outcome: disease severitye1
Direction: managede1
Value: 22.2 %e1
Comparator: biochar concentrations of 3.5 % (T6) and 3 % (T5) alonee2

Verbatim

e0
“helping to combat Phomopsis vexans, which causes Phomopsis blight in brinjal”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 330–406

e1
“The treatment T13 with 3 % biochar, Trichoderma harzianum and Pseudomonas fluorescens was found to be the best treatment that exhibited positive effects on yield attributing traits and managed disease severity (22.2 %)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 970–1188

e2
“biochar concentrations of 3.5 % (T6) and 3 % (T5) alone with disease severities of 24.42 % and 26.6 %”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1202–1303

Title

Synergistic use of biochar, Trichoderma harzianum and Pseudomonas fluorescens to combat biotic stress by Phomopsis vexans in brinjal

M S Manthur; K Adesh; K Sunil; et al. Plant Science Today 2026. doi:10.14719/pst.11943

Other claims from this paper (6)

Intervention effect Biochar at 3.5% (T6) alone gave Phomopsis blight disease severity of 24.42%.
Intervention effect Biochar at 3% (T5) alone gave Phomopsis blight disease severity of 26.6%.
Intervention effect Mixed application of biochar, Trichoderma harzianum and Pseudomonas fluorescens had a synergistic effect that increased yield-attributing traits in brinjal.
Association Disease severity and yield-attributing parameters of brinjal show a negative correlation.
Intervention effect Biochar significantly improved yield traits of brinjal.
Intervention effect Biochar increased total protein, total phenol and sugar content in brinjal.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Extracts of T. harzianum had significant cytotoxic effects toward A. solani.

Taxon: tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicume0
Treatment: 15-day extracts of T. harzianume4
Interactor: A. solaniAlternaria solanie4pathogen
Second interactor: T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume4biocontrol_agent
Outcome: cytotoxic effectse4

Not reportedComparatorDirection

Verbatim

t0
“tomato plants”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 62–75

e0
“the cause of early blight on tomato plants”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 209–251

e4
“The 15-day extracts of T. harzianum had significant cytotoxic effects toward A. solani”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1313–1399

Title

Using Trichoderma harzianum to stimulate defensive enzymes in tomato plants infected with Alternaria solani, which causes early blight disease, in vivo and in vitro

Sujood Alhadethy; Rajaa Hamdi Journal of university of Anbar for pure science 2026. doi:10.37652/juaps.2025.161143.1416

Other claims from this paper (10)

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Chitinase activity of T. harzianum culture medium was 2.87 compared with 0.021 in the non-Trichoderma control.

Taxon: tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicume0
Treatment: culture medium of T. harzianume5
Interactor: T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume5biocontrol_agent
Outcome: chitinasee5
Direction: higherinferrede5
Value: 2.87e5
Qualifier: 0.021e5
Comparator: control (non-Trichoderma cultured medium)e5

Verbatim

t0
“tomato plants”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 62–75

e0
“the cause of early blight on tomato plants”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 209–251

e5
“The results of chitinase and 𝛽-glucanase enzymes extracted from the culture medium of T. harzianum showed 2.87 and 1.68 Units/mL, respectively, compared with the control (non-Trichoderma cultured medium), which gave 0.021 and 0.013 Units/mL, respectively”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1401–1655

Title

Using Trichoderma harzianum to stimulate defensive enzymes in tomato plants infected with Alternaria solani, which causes early blight disease, in vivo and in vitro

Sujood Alhadethy; Rajaa Hamdi Journal of university of Anbar for pure science 2026. doi:10.37652/juaps.2025.161143.1416

Other claims from this paper (10)

Observation In the dual culture assay, Trichoderma reached a mean diameter of 80.00 ± 0.71 at 7 days.
Observation Alternaria solani reached its largest diameter of 25.00±0.71 at 4 days in the dual culture assay.
Observation Alternaria solani diameter decreased to its lowest value of 10.20±0.66 at 7 days.
Association The age of the Trichoderma filtrate and the incubation period had significant effects on A. solani colonies.
Intervention effect Extracts of T. harzianum had significant cytotoxic effects toward A. solani.
Intervention effect Glucanase activity of T. harzianum culture medium was 1.68 Units/mL compared with 0.013 Units/mL in the non-Trichoderma control.
Intervention effect Trichoderma filtrate treatment increased tomato PAL, PPO and POD activities compared with untreated plants.
Intervention effect Trichoderma filtrate treatment increased tomato CAT activity compared with untreated plants.
Intervention effect Trichoderma harzianum was the most effective in suppressing A. solani growth in vitro.
Recommendation T. harzianum may serve as a possible biocontrol agent in the future.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Glucanase activity of T. harzianum culture medium was 1.68 Units/mL compared with 0.013 Units/mL in the non-Trichoderma control.

Taxon: tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicume0
Treatment: culture medium of T. harzianume5
Interactor: T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume5biocontrol_agent
Outcome: glucanasee5
Direction: higherinferrede5
Value: 1.68 Units/mLe5
Qualifier: 0.013 Units/mLe5
Comparator: control (non-Trichoderma cultured medium)e5

Verbatim

t0
“tomato plants”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 62–75

e0
“the cause of early blight on tomato plants”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 209–251

e5
“The results of chitinase and 𝛽-glucanase enzymes extracted from the culture medium of T. harzianum showed 2.87 and 1.68 Units/mL, respectively, compared with the control (non-Trichoderma cultured medium), which gave 0.021 and 0.013 Units/mL, respectively”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1401–1655

Title

Using Trichoderma harzianum to stimulate defensive enzymes in tomato plants infected with Alternaria solani, which causes early blight disease, in vivo and in vitro

Sujood Alhadethy; Rajaa Hamdi Journal of university of Anbar for pure science 2026. doi:10.37652/juaps.2025.161143.1416

Other claims from this paper (10)

Observation In the dual culture assay, Trichoderma reached a mean diameter of 80.00 ± 0.71 at 7 days.
Observation Alternaria solani reached its largest diameter of 25.00±0.71 at 4 days in the dual culture assay.
Observation Alternaria solani diameter decreased to its lowest value of 10.20±0.66 at 7 days.
Association The age of the Trichoderma filtrate and the incubation period had significant effects on A. solani colonies.
Intervention effect Extracts of T. harzianum had significant cytotoxic effects toward A. solani.
Intervention effect Chitinase activity of T. harzianum culture medium was 2.87 compared with 0.021 in the non-Trichoderma control.
Intervention effect Trichoderma filtrate treatment increased tomato PAL, PPO and POD activities compared with untreated plants.
Intervention effect Trichoderma filtrate treatment increased tomato CAT activity compared with untreated plants.
Intervention effect Trichoderma harzianum was the most effective in suppressing A. solani growth in vitro.
Recommendation T. harzianum may serve as a possible biocontrol agent in the future.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Trichoderma harzianum was the most effective in suppressing A. solani growth in vitro.

Taxon: tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicume0
Treatment: T. harzianume7
Interactor: A. solaniAlternaria solanie7pathogen
Second interactor: T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume7biocontrol_agent
Outcome: A. solani growthe7
Direction: most effectivee7
Setting: In vitroe7

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

t0
“tomato plants”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 62–75

e0
“the cause of early blight on tomato plants”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 209–251

e7
“In vitro findings using several methodologies indicate that T. harzianum was the most effective in suppressing A. solani growth. It may serve as a possible biocontrol agent in the future”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1926–2112

Title

Using Trichoderma harzianum to stimulate defensive enzymes in tomato plants infected with Alternaria solani, which causes early blight disease, in vivo and in vitro

Sujood Alhadethy; Rajaa Hamdi Journal of university of Anbar for pure science 2026. doi:10.37652/juaps.2025.161143.1416

Other claims from this paper (10)

Trichoderma harzianum 5,892 claims

5,892 claims