By interacting organism › Fungi › Aspergillaceae › Aspergillus flavus

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Co-culturing Aspergillus flavus with Trichoderma harzianum significantly decreased aflatoxin levels, a relative reduction of 99.3% compared with aflatoxigenic treatments alone.

Taxon: Zea maysZea mayst0
Treatment: Co-culturing of A. flavus with T. harzianume0
Interactor: A. flavusAspergillus flavuse0pathogen
Second interactor: T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent
Outcome: AFT levelse0
Direction: decreasee0
Value: 99.3%e0
Comparator: aflatoxigenic treatments alonee0

Verbatim

t0
“Zea mays”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 47–55

e0
“Co-culturing of A. flavus with T. harzianum resulted in a significant decrease in AFT levels, achieving a relative reduction of 99.3% compared to aflatoxigenic treatments alone”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1309–1485

Title

Trichoderma harzianum Suppresses Aflatoxins in Zea mays: A Biological Strategy for Pakistan’s Agriculture Industry

Aisha Khalid; Shazia Iram; Irum Asif; et al. Stresses 2026. doi:10.3390/stresses6020034

Other claims from this paper (4)

Intervention effect T. harzianum reduced the aflatoxin level produced by A. flavus alone from 5120 ± 560 µg/kg to 50.1 ± 1.10 µg/kg.
Intervention effect T. asperellum reduced the aflatoxin level produced by A. flavus alone from 5120 ± 560 µg/kg to 63.1 ± 3.1 µg/kg.
Intervention effect Aspergillus flavus negatively affected maize germination and early growth.
Intervention effect Trichoderma harzianum significantly enhanced maize germination and early growth.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

T. harzianum reduced the aflatoxin level produced by A. flavus alone from 5120 ± 560 µg/kg to 50.1 ± 1.10 µg/kg.

Taxon: Zea maysZea mayst0
Treatment: T. harzianume0
Interactor: A. flavusAspergillus flavuse0pathogen
Second interactor: T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent
Outcome: AFT productione0
Direction: reducinge0
Value: 50.1 ± 1.10e0
Qualifier: 5120 ± 560 µg/kge0
Comparator: A. flavus alonee0

Verbatim

t0
“Zea mays”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 47–55

e0
“T. harzianum and T. asperellum were the most effective at lowering AFT production of the aflatoxigenic strains, reducing the 5120 ± 560 µg/kg AFT level produced by A. flavus alone to 50.1 ± 1.10 and 63.1 ± 3.1 µg/kg, respectively”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1514–1743

Title

Trichoderma harzianum Suppresses Aflatoxins in Zea mays: A Biological Strategy for Pakistan’s Agriculture Industry

Aisha Khalid; Shazia Iram; Irum Asif; et al. Stresses 2026. doi:10.3390/stresses6020034

Other claims from this paper (4)

Intervention effect Co-culturing Aspergillus flavus with Trichoderma harzianum significantly decreased aflatoxin levels, a relative reduction of 99.3% compared with aflatoxigenic treatments alone.
Intervention effect T. asperellum reduced the aflatoxin level produced by A. flavus alone from 5120 ± 560 µg/kg to 63.1 ± 3.1 µg/kg.
Intervention effect Aspergillus flavus negatively affected maize germination and early growth.
Intervention effect Trichoderma harzianum significantly enhanced maize germination and early growth.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

T. asperellum reduced the aflatoxin level produced by A. flavus alone from 5120 ± 560 µg/kg to 63.1 ± 3.1 µg/kg.

Taxon: Zea maysZea mayst0
Treatment: T. asperellume0
Interactor: A. flavusAspergillus flavuse0pathogen
Second interactor: T. asperellumTrichoderma asperellume0biocontrol_agent
Outcome: AFT productione0
Direction: reducinge0
Value: 63.1 ± 3.1 µg/kge0
Qualifier: 5120 ± 560 µg/kge0
Comparator: A. flavus alonee0

Verbatim

t0
“Zea mays”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 47–55

e0
“T. harzianum and T. asperellum were the most effective at lowering AFT production of the aflatoxigenic strains, reducing the 5120 ± 560 µg/kg AFT level produced by A. flavus alone to 50.1 ± 1.10 and 63.1 ± 3.1 µg/kg, respectively”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1514–1743

Title

Trichoderma harzianum Suppresses Aflatoxins in Zea mays: A Biological Strategy for Pakistan’s Agriculture Industry

Aisha Khalid; Shazia Iram; Irum Asif; et al. Stresses 2026. doi:10.3390/stresses6020034

Other claims from this paper (4)

Intervention effect Co-culturing Aspergillus flavus with Trichoderma harzianum significantly decreased aflatoxin levels, a relative reduction of 99.3% compared with aflatoxigenic treatments alone.
Intervention effect T. harzianum reduced the aflatoxin level produced by A. flavus alone from 5120 ± 560 µg/kg to 50.1 ± 1.10 µg/kg.
Intervention effect Aspergillus flavus negatively affected maize germination and early growth.
Intervention effect Trichoderma harzianum significantly enhanced maize germination and early growth.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Aspergillus flavus negatively affected maize germination and early growth.

Taxon: Zea maysZea mayst0
Treatment: A. flavuse0
Interactor: A. flavusAspergillus flavuse0pathogen
Outcome: germination and early growthe0
Direction: negatively affectede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

t0
“Zea mays”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 47–55

e0
“A. flavus negatively affected germination and early growth, whereas T. harzianum significantly enhanced both parameters”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1745–1864

Title

Trichoderma harzianum Suppresses Aflatoxins in Zea mays: A Biological Strategy for Pakistan’s Agriculture Industry

Aisha Khalid; Shazia Iram; Irum Asif; et al. Stresses 2026. doi:10.3390/stresses6020034

Other claims from this paper (4)

Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The antimicrobial efficiency of AgNPs peaked at 100 µg mL-1, giving a 33 mm inhibition zone against the postharvest pathogen Aspergillus flavus in agar well diffusion.

Taxon: Aspergillus flavusAspergillus flavuse0
Treatment: AgNPse0
Interactor: Aspergillus flavusAspergillus flavuse0pathogen
Outcome: inhibition zonee0
Value: 33 mme0
Qualifier: peaked at the concentration of 100 µg mL-1e0

Verbatim

e0
“The antimicrobial efficiency of AgNPs peaked at the concentration of 100 µg mL-1 with the inhibition zone of 33 mm against postharvest pathogen Aspergillus flavus using agar well diffusion method”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 619–814

Title

Impact of silver nanoparticles infused biopolymer coatings on post-harvest quality attributes of guava

A S R Jervin; B S Manjula; K Sajan; et al. Plant Science Today 2026. doi:10.14719/pst.12566

Other claims from this paper (7)

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Both Bacillus strains significantly inhibited A. flavus mycelial growth and sporulation in dual culture and co-cultivation.

Taxon: wheatTriticum aestivumt0
Treatment: Bacillus sp. B3 and Bacillus sp. Mn1e2
Interactor: A. flavusAspergillus flavuse1pathogen
Second interactor: Bacillus sp. B3 and Bacillus sp. Mn1Bacillus sp. B3 Bacillus sp. MN1e2biocontrol_agent
Outcome: A. flavus mycelial growth and sporulatione1
Direction: inhibitede1

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

t0
“Biocontrol of Aspergillus flavus in stored wheat”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–48

e1
“Dual-culture and co-cultivation assays confirmed that both strains significantly inhibited A. flavus mycelial growth and sporulation”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 439–571

e2
“Two promising strains, Bacillus sp. B3 and Bacillus sp. Mn1”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 274–333

Title

Biocontrol of Aspergillus flavus in stored wheat using Bacillus sp. B3 and Bacillus sp. Mn1 with antagonistic capacity through volatile compounds production

Hussien M. AboDalam; Mona Mahmoud Maher Ragab; Marwa Abd-Elateef Zayton; et al. Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control 2026. doi:10.1186/s41938-025-00880-1

Other claims from this paper (6)

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Both strains significantly reduced fungal colonization on treated wheat grains.

Taxon: wheatTriticum aestivumt0
Treatment: Bacillus sp. B3 and Bacillus sp. Mn1e2
Interactor: Aspergillus flavusAspergillus flavuse0pathogen
Second interactor: Bacillus sp. B3 and Bacillus sp. Mn1Bacillus sp. B3 Bacillus sp. MN1e2biocontrol_agent
Outcome: fungal colonizatione6
Direction: reducede6

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

t0
“Biocontrol of Aspergillus flavus in stored wheat”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–48

e0
“Contamination of stored wheat grains by Aspergillus flavus”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 20–78

e2
“Two promising strains, Bacillus sp. B3 and Bacillus sp. Mn1”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 274–333

e6
“Both strains significantly reduced fungal colonization on treated grains”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1090–1162

Title

Biocontrol of Aspergillus flavus in stored wheat using Bacillus sp. B3 and Bacillus sp. Mn1 with antagonistic capacity through volatile compounds production

Hussien M. AboDalam; Mona Mahmoud Maher Ragab; Marwa Abd-Elateef Zayton; et al. Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control 2026. doi:10.1186/s41938-025-00880-1

Other claims from this paper (6)

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

VOCs produced by the two Bacillus strains suppressed fungal growth in vitro and on wheat grains without direct contact.

Taxon: wheatTriticum aestivumt0
Treatment: Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)e3
Interactor: Aspergillus flavusAspergillus flavuse0pathogen
Second interactor: Bacillus sp. B3 and Bacillus sp. Mn1Bacillus sp. B3 Bacillus sp. MN1e2biocontrol_agent
Outcome: fungal growthe3
Direction: suppressede3
Setting: in vitro and on wheat grainse3

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

t0
“Biocontrol of Aspergillus flavus in stored wheat”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–48

e0
“Contamination of stored wheat grains by Aspergillus flavus”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 20–78

e2
“Two promising strains, Bacillus sp. B3 and Bacillus sp. Mn1”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 274–333

e3
“Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by these bacteria suppressed fungal growth in vitro and on wheat grains without direct contact”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 693–830

Title

Biocontrol of Aspergillus flavus in stored wheat using Bacillus sp. B3 and Bacillus sp. Mn1 with antagonistic capacity through volatile compounds production

Hussien M. AboDalam; Mona Mahmoud Maher Ragab; Marwa Abd-Elateef Zayton; et al. Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control 2026. doi:10.1186/s41938-025-00880-1

Other claims from this paper (6)

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Aspergillus flavus was present in 8 (36.3%) market isolates from both maize and rice samples.

Taxon: rice and maizeOryza sativa Zea mayst0
Interactor: aspergillus flavusAspergillus flavuse2other
Outcome: aspergillus flavus were presente2
Value: 8 (36.3%)e2
Setting: markete2

Verbatim

t0
“FUNGI ASSOCIATED WITH RICE AND MAIZE SPOILAGE”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 32–77

e2
“The results obtained from the market showed that 8 (36.3%) aspergillus flavus were present in both the maize and rice samples, 1 (4.5%) aspergillus niger, 7 (31.8%) aspergillus fumigatus, 1 (4.5%) rhizopus stolenifer, and 5 (22.7%) penicillium natatum, without the growth of aspergillus oryzae”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 772–1065

Title

ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF FUNGI ASSOCIATED WITH RICE AND MAIZE SPOILAGE IN MUBI NORTH, ADAMAWA STATE

Usman, Adam F.; Gadzama, Ibrahim M.K.; Hamman, Amira; et al. Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) 2026. doi:10.5281/zenodo.20342827

Other claims from this paper (10)

Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The infection risk index IH of the AFLA-hazelnut model showed a coherent association with observed fungal occurrence in independent pre-harvest field data.

Taxon: Hazelnute0
Interactor: Aspergillus flavusAspergillus flavuse0pathogen
Outcome: coherent association with observed fungal occurrencee1
Comparator: observed fungal occurrencee1

Verbatim

e0
“Hazelnut ( Corylus avellana L .) is a high-value crop for the global confectionery industry, yet its production chain is increasingly challenged by aflatoxin contamination caused by Aspergillus flavus”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–200

e1
“IH showed a coherent association with observed fungal occurrence, indicating that the model captures biologically meaningful gradients of infection pressure”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1295–1451

Title

AFLA-hazelnut: a model for the prediction of Aspergillus flavus infection and aflatoxin contamination in Hazelnuts

Alessia Casu; Marco Camardo Leggieri; Paola Battilani Microbial Risk Analysis 2026. doi:10.1016/j.mran.2026.100376

Other claims from this paper (1)

Observation The AFB1-I aflatoxin risk index could not be quantitatively validated because of the limited number of aflatoxin-positive samples.

Aspergillus flavus 4,901 claims

4,901 claims