Abstract
The interactions of seed vigor with herbicides were studied with respect to seedling emergence, growth, and fruit yield of processing tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. UC204C). Seed vigor (speed of germination) was enhanced by priming in an aerated solution of 0.12 m K 2 HP O 4 plus 0.15 m KN O 3 at 20C for 5 days followed by drying in forced air at 30C. The vigor of a second subsample of the same seed lot was reduced by controlled deterioration at 13% water content (dry-weight basis) for 6 days at 50C (aged seeds). Primed, aged, and untreated seeds were tested for their sensitivity to napropamide and metribuzin herbicides in greenhouse and field studies. A seed vigor × herbicide interaction was detected only under greenhouse conditions, where aged seeds were more sensitive than primed or untreated seeds to metribuzin. In April and May field plantings, seed vigor influenced the rate and percentage of final emergence and the earliness of fruit maturity, but had no effect on relative growth rate or total vegetative or reproductive yield. Napropamide at 4.5 and 9 kg·ha -1 and metribuzin at 0.4 and 0.8 kg·ha -1 had no effect on the rate or percentage of seedling emergence, relative growth rate, or total fruit yield. Metribuzin increased the mortality of seedlings at either application rate, and at 0.8 kg·ha -1 delayed early growth and fruit maturity in the April planting. Napropamide treatments did not differ from the water control for all characteristics and environments studied. Chemical names used: 4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3(methylthio)-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one (metribuzin); 2-(α-napthoxy)-N,N-diethyl propionamide (napropamide).
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Priming enhanced seed vigor.
- Treatment
- priming in an aerated solution of 0.12 m K 2 HP O 4 plus 0.15 m KN O 3 at 20C for 5 dayse0
- Outcome
- Seed vigore0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Seed vigor (speed of germination) was enhanced by priming in an aerated solution of 0.12 m K 2 HP O 4 plus 0.15 m KN O 3 at 20C for 5 days”
Claim · model-written summary
Controlled deterioration reduced vigor.
- Treatment
- controlled deterioration at 13% water content (dry-weight basis) for 6 days at 50Ce0
- Outcome
- vigore0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“The vigor of a second subsample of the same seed lot was reduced by controlled deterioration at 13% water content (dry-weight basis) for 6 days at 50C”
Claim · model-written summary
Under greenhouse conditions, aged seeds were more sensitive to metribuzin than primed or untreated seeds.
- Material
- aged seedse0
- Outcome
- more sensitivee0
- Direction
- more sensitivee0
- Comparator
- primed or untreated seedse0
- Setting
- greenhouse conditionse0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“under greenhouse conditions, where aged seeds were more sensitive than primed or untreated seeds to metribuzin”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed vigor affected emergence rate and final emergence percentage in field plantings.
Not reportedTaxonDirection
Verbatim
e0“In April and May field plantings, seed vigor influenced the rate and percentage of final emergence”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed vigor affected earliness of fruit maturity.
Not reportedTaxonDirection
Verbatim
e0“seed vigor influenced the rate and percentage of final emergence and the earliness of fruit maturity”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed vigor had no effect on relative growth rate or total vegetative or reproductive yield.
Not reportedTaxonMaterialSetting
Verbatim
e0“but had no effect on relative growth rate or total vegetative or reproductive yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Napropamide had no effect on emergence, growth rate or fruit yield.
- Treatment
- Napropamide at 4.5 and 9 kg·ha -1e0
- Outcome
- rate or percentage of seedling emergence, relative growth rate, or total fruit yielde0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Napropamide at 4.5 and 9 kg·ha -1 and metribuzin at 0.4 and 0.8 kg·ha -1 had no effect on the rate or percentage of seedling emergence, relative growth rate, or total fruit yield.”
Claim · model-written summary
Metribuzin had no effect on emergence, growth rate or total fruit yield.
- Treatment
- metribuzin at 0.4 and 0.8 kg·ha -1e0
- Outcome
- rate or percentage of seedling emergence, relative growth rate, or total fruit yielde0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Napropamide at 4.5 and 9 kg·ha -1 and metribuzin at 0.4 and 0.8 kg·ha -1 had no effect on the rate or percentage of seedling emergence, relative growth rate, or total fruit yield.”
Claim · model-written summary
Metribuzin increased seedling mortality at either rate.
- Treatment
- Metribuzine0
- Outcome
- mortality of seedlingse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- at either application ratee0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Metribuzin increased the mortality of seedlings at either application rate”
Claim · model-written summary
At 0.8 kg per hectare, metribuzin delayed early growth and fruit maturity in April.
- Treatment
- 0.8 kg·ha -1e0
- Outcome
- early growth and fruit maturitye0
- Direction
- delayede0
- Qualifier
- April plantinge0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“at 0.8 kg·ha -1 delayed early growth and fruit maturity in the April planting”
Claim · model-written summary
Napropamide did not differ from water controls across the tested characteristics and environments.
- Treatment
- Napropamide treatmentse0
- Outcome
- all characteristics and environments studiede0
- Direction
- did not differe0
- Comparator
- water controle0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Napropamide treatments did not differ from the water control for all characteristics and environments studied.”