Abstract
In order to characterize the pathogen(s) responsible for the outbreak of fusarium diseases in Algeria, 48 Fusarium spp. isolates were collected from diseased tomato in Algeria and compared with 58 isolates of Fusarium oxysporum originating from seven other Mediterranean countries and 24 reference strains. Partial sequences of the translation elongation factor EF‐1α gene enabled identification of 27 isolates as F. oxysporum , 18 as F. commune and three as F. redolens among the Algerian isolates. Pathogenicity tests confirmed that all isolates were pathogenic on tomato, with disease incidence greater at 28°C than at 24°C. All isolates were characterized using intergenic spacer (IGS) DNA typing, vegetative compatibility group (VCG) and PCR detection of the SIX1 (secreted in xylem 1) gene specific to F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL). No DNA polymorphisms were detected in the isolates of F. redolens or F. commune . In contrast, the 27 Algerian isolates of F. oxysporum were shown to comprise nine IGS types and 13 VCGs, including several potentially new VCGs. As none of the isolates was scored as SIX1+, the 27 isolates could be assigned to F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis‐lycopersici (FORL). Isolates from Tunisia were also highly diverse but genetically distinct from the Algerian isolates. Several Tunisian isolates were identified as FOL by a PCR that detected the presence of SIX1. The results show that isolates from European countries were less diverse than those from Tunisia. Given the difference between Algerian populations and populations in other Mediterranean countries, newly emergent pathogenic forms could have evolved from local non‐pathogenic populations in Algeria.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Algerian isolates included 27 F. oxysporum.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Interactor
- F. oxysporum
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium oxysporume0pathogen - Outcome
- identification of 27 isolates as F. oxysporume0
- Value
- 27 isolatese0
- Setting
- Algeriane0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Partial sequences of the translation elongation factor EF‐1α gene enabled identification of 27 isolates as F. oxysporum , 18 as F. commune and three as F. redolens among the Algerian isolates.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Algerian isolates included 18 F. commune.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- F. communeFusarium communee0pathogen
- Outcome
- 18 as F. communee0
- Value
- 18e0
- Setting
- Algeriane0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“18 as F. commune and three as F. redolens among the Algerian isolates.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Algerian isolates included three F. redolens.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- F. redolensFusarium redolense0pathogen
- Outcome
- three as F. redolense0
- Value
- threee0
- Setting
- Algeriane0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“three as F. redolens among the Algerian isolates.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
All tested isolates were pathogenic on tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Interactor
- isolatese0pathogen
- Outcome
- all isolates were pathogenic on tomatoe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pathogenicity tests confirmed that all isolates were pathogenic on tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato disease incidence was greater at 28°C than 24°C.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 28°Ce0
- Outcome
- disease incidencee0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- 24°Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“disease incidence greater at 28°C than at 24°C”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
F. redolens isolates had no detected DNA polymorphisms.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- F. redolensFusarium redolense0pathogen
- Outcome
- No DNA polymorphisms were detectede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No DNA polymorphisms were detected in the isolates of F. redolens or F. commune”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
F. commune isolates had no detected DNA polymorphisms.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- F. communeFusarium communee0pathogen
- Outcome
- No DNA polymorphisms were detectede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No DNA polymorphisms were detected in the isolates of F. redolens or F. commune”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
The Algerian F. oxysporum isolates comprised nine IGS types.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- F. oxysporumFusarium oxysporume0pathogen
- Outcome
- nine IGS typese0
- Value
- ninee0
- Setting
- Algeriane0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the 27 Algerian isolates of F. oxysporum were shown to comprise nine IGS types and 13 VCGs”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
The Algerian F. oxysporum isolates comprised 13 VCGs, including potentially new groups.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporumFusarium oxysporumt0pathogen
- Outcome
- 13 VCGse0
- Value
- 13e0
- Qualifier
- including several potentially new VCGse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“13 VCGs, including several potentially new VCGs”
t0“Fusarium oxysporum and related species pathogenic on tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
The 27 isolates were assigned to FORL because none tested SIX1 positive.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis‐lycopersiciFusarium oxysporume0pathogen
- Gene
- SIX1e0
- Outcome
- the 27 isolates could be assigned to F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis‐lycopersici (FORL)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As none of the isolates was scored as SIX1+, the 27 isolates could be assigned to F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis‐lycopersici (FORL).”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Tunisian isolates were highly diverse and genetically distinct from Algerian isolates.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- Isolatese0pathogen
- Outcome
- highly diverse but genetically distincte0
- Comparator
- Algerian isolatese0
- Setting
- Tunisiae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Isolates from Tunisia were also highly diverse but genetically distinct from the Algerian isolates.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Several Tunisian isolates were identified as FOL through SIX1 detection.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- FOLe0pathogen
- Gene
- SIX1e0
- Outcome
- identified as FOLe0
- Setting
- Tunisiane0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Several Tunisian isolates were identified as FOL by a PCR that detected the presence of SIX1.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
European isolates were less diverse than Tunisian isolates.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- isolatese0pathogen
- Outcome
- diversee0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- those from Tunisiae0
- Setting
- European countriese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“isolates from European countries were less diverse than those from Tunisia”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest emergent Algerian pathogenic forms may have evolved from local nonpathogenic populations.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- pathogenic formse0pathogen
- Outcome
- could have evolved from local non‐pathogenic populationse0
- Setting
- Algeriae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“newly emergent pathogenic forms could have evolved from local non‐pathogenic populations in Algeria”
t0“tomato”