Abstract
To study the impact of iron nanoparticles foliar application on mitigating the effects of drought stress on yield, yield components and oil percentage of Goldasht spring safflower cultivar, an experiment was carried out in 2012 in the Agricultural Research Farm Station of Islamic Azad University, Roudehen branch as split plot in a completely randomized blocks design with three replications. In this experiment, the major factor of drought stress treatment included four levels (optimum irrigation, stopping the irrigation at flowering stage, stopping the irrigation at seed formation stage and stopping the irrigation at two stages of flowering and seed formation). The minor treatment factor consisted of Fe nanoparticles foliar application at four levels (non-applying the foliar, foliar application at flowering stage, foliar application at seed formation stage and foliar application at two stages of flowering and seed formation). After data analysis by SAS software, the parameters including analyses of variance and means were compared using the Duncan's Multiple Range Test at probability level of 5%. The results showed that the effects of drought stress and Fe nanoparticles were significant at probability level of 1% on traits such as the number of boll per branch, number of seeds per boll, the thousand seed weight and yield at probability level of 1%. Among the levels of drought stress, the highest yield and yield components losses were seen for most of the traits and between the levels of 2 times drought stress. The maximum yield and yield components rates related to the control treatment (optimum irrigation). Also, among the levels of Fe nanoparticles, the use of nanoparticles produced the highest rates of yield and yield components in two stages of flowering and granulation. Also, the foliar application at flowering stage was better than seed formation. Meanwhile, the control treatment had the lowest yield and yield components. Finally, the interactions of Fe nanoparticles and different levels of drought stress at 1% probability level had significant impacts on traits, including boll number per branch, number of seeds per boll, the thousand seed weight and the yield. At the end of the experiment, the 2 times stress had the highest yield and yield components losses, and 2 times of using nanoparticles had the highest rates of yield and yield components. Thus, the adverse effects of drought stress can be reduced in this area and similar areas by application of Fe nanoparticles.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Drought stress significantly affected boll number per branch, seeds per boll, thousand seed weight and yield.
- Taxon
- Safflower
Carthamus tinctoriust0 - Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Outcome
- the number of boll per branch, number of seeds per boll, the thousand seed weight and yielde0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that the effects of drought stress and Fe nanoparticles were significant at probability level of 1% on traits such as the number of boll per branch, number of seeds per boll, the thousand seed weight and yield at probability level of 1%.”
t0“Safflower (Carthamus Tinctorious L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Two drought episodes produced the greatest losses in safflower yield and yield components.
- Taxon
- SafflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- 2 times stresse0
- Outcome
- yield and yield components lossese0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the 2 times stress had the highest yield and yield components losses”
t0“Safflower (Carthamus Tinctorious L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Optimum irrigation gave the maximum yield and yield component rates.
- Taxon
- SafflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- optimum irrigatione0
- Outcome
- yield and yield components ratese0
- Direction
- maximume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum yield and yield components rates related to the control treatment (optimum irrigation).”
t0“Safflower (Carthamus Tinctorious L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fe nanoparticles applied at flowering and granulation gave the highest yield and yield component rates.
- Taxon
- SafflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- nanoparticlese0
- Outcome
- yield and yield componentse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- two stages of flowering and granulatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the use of nanoparticles produced the highest rates of yield and yield components in two stages of flowering and granulation.”
t0“Safflower (Carthamus Tinctorious L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fe nanoparticle foliar application at flowering performed better than application at seed formation.
- Taxon
- SafflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- foliar application at flowering stagee0
- Outcome
- bettere0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- seed formatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the foliar application at flowering stage was better than seed formation.”
t0“Safflower (Carthamus Tinctorious L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought level and Fe nanoparticle application interacted significantly for boll number, seeds per boll, thousand seed weight and yield.
- Taxon
- SafflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- Fe nanoparticles and different levels of drought stresse0
- Outcome
- boll number per branch, number of seeds per boll, the thousand seed weight and the yielde0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the interactions of Fe nanoparticles and different levels of drought stress at 1% probability level had significant impacts on traits, including boll number per branch, number of seeds per boll, the thousand seed weight and the yield.”
t0“Safflower (Carthamus Tinctorious L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend Fe nanoparticles to reduce adverse effects of drought stress in the study area and similar areas.
- Taxon
- SafflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- application of Fe nanoparticlese0
- Outcome
- adverse effects of drought stresse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the adverse effects of drought stress can be reduced in this area and similar areas by application of Fe nanoparticles.”
t0“Safflower (Carthamus Tinctorious L.)”
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