Abstract
Since climate changes have caused water restrictions, safflower stands out as an alternative crop due to its adaptability to restrictive soil and climate conditions. Thus, this research aimed to evaluate the physiological and yield performance of four safflower lines (IMA 02, IMA 04, IMA 14, and IMA 21) under two water regimes [without water deficiency—around 22% soil moisture content—100% of field capacity (FC); and with water deficiency—50% of FC]. The water regimes were imposed for 30 days during the flowering phase, followed by rehydration for 20 days. Water deficiency decreased relative water content, water potential, photosynthetic pigment contents, photosynthetic performance, maximum variable and potential quantum yield of PSII, electron transport rate, and photochemical quenching. In contrast, it increased electrolyte leakage, water use efficiency, and non-photochemical quenching. The decreases in photochemical efficiency and photosynthetic performance as a function of water deficiency caused reductions in the number of capitula, 100-grain mass, and harvest index, with more significant reductions in IMA 02, which was considered susceptible to soil water changes. IMA 04, IMA 14, and IMA 21 were considered tolerant because their physiological variables and yield components were less affected by water restriction, and they also showed recovery after rehydration compared to IMA 02. Thus, these lines can be recommended for commercial use, and safflower breeding programs aiming to select superior genotypes under drought conditions.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficiency decreased relative water content, water potential and photosynthetic pigment contents in safflower.
- Taxon
- Safflower
Carthamus tinctoriust0 - Organ / stage
- flowering phasee3
- Treatment
- Water deficiencye4
- Outcome
- relative water content, water potential, photosynthetic pigment contentse4
- Direction
- decreasede4
- Comparator
- without water deficiencye2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Physiological Changes and Yield Components of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Lines as a Function of Water Deficit and Recovery in the Flowering Phase”
e2“without water deficiency—around 22% soil moisture content—100% of field capacity (FC)”
e3“The water regimes were imposed for 30 days during the flowering phase, followed by rehydration for 20 days”
e4“Water deficiency decreased relative water content, water potential, photosynthetic pigment contents, photosynthetic performance, maximum variable and potential quantum yield of PSII, electron transport rate, and photochemical quenching”
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficiency decreased photosynthetic performance and the maximum and potential quantum yield of PSII in safflower.
- Taxon
- SafflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Organ / stage
- flowering phasee3
- Treatment
- Water deficiencye4
- Outcome
- photosynthetic performance, maximum variable and potential quantum yield of PSIIe4
- Direction
- decreasede4
- Comparator
- without water deficiencye2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Physiological Changes and Yield Components of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Lines as a Function of Water Deficit and Recovery in the Flowering Phase”
e2“without water deficiency—around 22% soil moisture content—100% of field capacity (FC)”
e3“The water regimes were imposed for 30 days during the flowering phase, followed by rehydration for 20 days”
e4“Water deficiency decreased relative water content, water potential, photosynthetic pigment contents, photosynthetic performance, maximum variable and potential quantum yield of PSII, electron transport rate, and photochemical quenching”
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficiency decreased electron transport rate and photochemical quenching in safflower.
- Taxon
- SafflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Organ / stage
- flowering phasee3
- Treatment
- Water deficiencye4
- Outcome
- electron transport rate, and photochemical quenchinge4
- Direction
- decreasede4
- Comparator
- without water deficiencye2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Physiological Changes and Yield Components of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Lines as a Function of Water Deficit and Recovery in the Flowering Phase”
e2“without water deficiency—around 22% soil moisture content—100% of field capacity (FC)”
e3“The water regimes were imposed for 30 days during the flowering phase, followed by rehydration for 20 days”
e4“Water deficiency decreased relative water content, water potential, photosynthetic pigment contents, photosynthetic performance, maximum variable and potential quantum yield of PSII, electron transport rate, and photochemical quenching”
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficiency increased electrolyte leakage, water use efficiency and non-photochemical quenching in safflower.
- Taxon
- SafflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- Water deficiencye4
- Outcome
- electrolyte leakage, water use efficiency, and non-photochemical quenchinge5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Comparator
- without water deficiencye2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Physiological Changes and Yield Components of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Lines as a Function of Water Deficit and Recovery in the Flowering Phase”
e2“without water deficiency—around 22% soil moisture content—100% of field capacity (FC)”
e4“Water deficiency decreased relative water content, water potential, photosynthetic pigment contents, photosynthetic performance, maximum variable and potential quantum yield of PSII, electron transport rate, and photochemical quenching”
e5“In contrast, it increased electrolyte leakage, water use efficiency, and non-photochemical quenching”
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficiency caused reductions in the number of capitula, 100-grain mass and harvest index in safflower.
- Taxon
- SafflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- water deficiencye6
- Outcome
- number of capitula, 100-grain mass, and harvest indexe6
- Direction
- reductionse6
- Comparator
- without water deficiencye2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Physiological Changes and Yield Components of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Lines as a Function of Water Deficit and Recovery in the Flowering Phase”
e2“without water deficiency—around 22% soil moisture content—100% of field capacity (FC)”
e6“The decreases in photochemical efficiency and photosynthetic performance as a function of water deficiency caused reductions in the number of capitula, 100-grain mass, and harvest index, with more significant reductions in IMA 02, which was considered susceptible to soil water changes”
Claim · model-written summary
Decreases in photochemical efficiency and photosynthetic performance explain the reductions in yield components under water deficiency.
- Taxon
- SafflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Outcome
- reductions in the number of capitula, 100-grain mass, and harvest indexe6
- Qualifier
- The decreases in photochemical efficiency and photosynthetic performancee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Physiological Changes and Yield Components of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Lines as a Function of Water Deficit and Recovery in the Flowering Phase”
e6“The decreases in photochemical efficiency and photosynthetic performance as a function of water deficiency caused reductions in the number of capitula, 100-grain mass, and harvest index, with more significant reductions in IMA 02, which was considered susceptible to soil water changes”
Claim · model-written summary
Under water deficiency, IMA 02 showed more significant reductions in capitula number, 100-grain mass and harvest index.
- Taxon
- SafflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Material
- IMA 02e6
- Treatment
- water deficiencye6
- Outcome
- number of capitula, 100-grain mass, and harvest indexe6
- Direction
- more significant reductionse6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Physiological Changes and Yield Components of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Lines as a Function of Water Deficit and Recovery in the Flowering Phase”
e6“The decreases in photochemical efficiency and photosynthetic performance as a function of water deficiency caused reductions in the number of capitula, 100-grain mass, and harvest index, with more significant reductions in IMA 02, which was considered susceptible to soil water changes”
Claim · model-written summary
IMA 02 was considered susceptible to soil water changes.
- Taxon
- SafflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Material
- IMA 02e6
- Outcome
- susceptible to soil water changese6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Physiological Changes and Yield Components of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Lines as a Function of Water Deficit and Recovery in the Flowering Phase”
e6“The decreases in photochemical efficiency and photosynthetic performance as a function of water deficiency caused reductions in the number of capitula, 100-grain mass, and harvest index, with more significant reductions in IMA 02, which was considered susceptible to soil water changes”
Claim · model-written summary
Under water restriction, IMA 04, IMA 14 and IMA 21 had physiological variables and yield components less affected than in other lines.
- Taxon
- SafflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Material
- IMA 04, IMA 14, and IMA 21e7
- Treatment
- water restrictione7
- Outcome
- physiological variables and yield componentse7
- Direction
- less affectede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Physiological Changes and Yield Components of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Lines as a Function of Water Deficit and Recovery in the Flowering Phase”
e7“IMA 04, IMA 14, and IMA 21 were considered tolerant because their physiological variables and yield components were less affected by water restriction, and they also showed recovery after rehydration compared to IMA 02”
Claim · model-written summary
IMA 04, IMA 14 and IMA 21 showed recovery after rehydration, compared with IMA 02.
- Taxon
- SafflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Material
- IMA 04, IMA 14, and IMA 21e7
- Treatment
- rehydratione7
- Outcome
- recovery after rehydratione7
- Comparator
- IMA 02e7
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Physiological Changes and Yield Components of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Lines as a Function of Water Deficit and Recovery in the Flowering Phase”
e7“IMA 04, IMA 14, and IMA 21 were considered tolerant because their physiological variables and yield components were less affected by water restriction, and they also showed recovery after rehydration compared to IMA 02”
Claim · model-written summary
IMA 04, IMA 14 and IMA 21 were considered tolerant to water restriction.
- Taxon
- SafflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Material
- IMA 04, IMA 14, and IMA 21e7
- Outcome
- tolerante7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Physiological Changes and Yield Components of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Lines as a Function of Water Deficit and Recovery in the Flowering Phase”
e7“IMA 04, IMA 14, and IMA 21 were considered tolerant because their physiological variables and yield components were less affected by water restriction, and they also showed recovery after rehydration compared to IMA 02”
Claim · model-written summary
These safflower lines can be recommended for commercial use.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriuse1
- Material
- these linese1
- Outcome
- recommended for commercial usee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Thus, these lines can be recommended for commercial use, and safflower breeding programs aiming to select superior genotypes under drought conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Safflower breeding programs should select superior genotypes under drought conditions.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriuse1
- Outcome
- select superior genotypes under drought conditionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Thus, these lines can be recommended for commercial use, and safflower breeding programs aiming to select superior genotypes under drought conditions”
The same questions in other papers
drought · yield · Carthamus tinctorius (safflower)Results differ
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 23 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
26 papers more in this group
See all 30 papers →drought · physiology: photosynthesis · Carthamus tinctorius (safflower)Results agree
8 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.