Abstract
Potassium (K) is one of the major essential nutrient elements whose application of organic or nano-chelate-fertilizers has received increased attention recently. Cadmium (Cd) contamination in agricultural soils and environment is increasing due to the over-application of Cd-containing phosphate fertilizers. But few studies have been carried out on the environmental influences of K-nano-chelate fertilizers especially on Cd-polluted soils. Therefore, the effects of K-fertilizer application in different rates (0, 100 and 200 mg kg−1 soil) and forms (KCl, K2SO4 and K-nano-chelate) on Cd content and partitioning in Ocimum basilicum grown on an artificially Cd-contaminated calcareous soil (with 40 mg Cd kg−1 soil) were studied under greenhouse conditions. Cadmium decreased shoot dry weight (SDW), but did not affect root dry weight (RDW) and no consistent trend was observed with applied K. Cadmium increased shoot and root Cd concentration or uptake. KCl and K2SO4 increased shoot Cd concentration compared to that of control, whereas K-nano-chelate did not affect it. In Cd-treated soils the mean value of Cd translocation factor (ratio of Cd concentration in shoots to that of roots) decreased by 60% as compared to that of the control. Application of 100 mg K-K2SO4 and 100 and 200 mg K-nano-chelate increased the Cd translocation factor by 49, 59 and 112% in Cd-treated soils, respectively. In Cd-treated soils, greater amounts of Cd accumulated in roots. K-nano-chelate could mitigate the adverse effect of Cd on SDW and Cd accumulation in plants grown on Cd-polluted soils, so the risk of Cd entrance to the food chain is reduced (however, in Cd-untreated soils, K-nano-chelate increased the Cd translocation factor higher than other K sources). In Cd-polluted soils KCl was the most inappropriate fertilizer that may intensify Cd accumulation in plants. However, it may be useful in the phytoremediation of Cd-polluted soils.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium decreased shoot dry weight of Ocimum basilicum.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicum
Ocimum basilicume1 - Treatment
- Cadmiume2
- Outcome
- shoot dry weighte2
- Direction
- decreasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Ocimum basilicum grown on an artificially Cd-contaminated calcareous soil”
e2“Cadmium decreased shoot dry weight (SDW), but did not affect root dry weight (RDW) and no consistent trend was observed with applied K”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium did not affect root dry weight of Ocimum basilicum.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicumOcimum basilicume1
- Treatment
- Cadmiume2
- Outcome
- root dry weighte2
- Direction
- did not affecte2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Ocimum basilicum grown on an artificially Cd-contaminated calcareous soil”
e2“Cadmium decreased shoot dry weight (SDW), but did not affect root dry weight (RDW) and no consistent trend was observed with applied K”
Claim · model-written summary
Applied K showed no consistent trend in dry weight under Cd.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicumOcimum basilicume1
- Treatment
- applied Ke2
- Outcome
- dry weighte2
- Direction
- no consistent trende2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Ocimum basilicum grown on an artificially Cd-contaminated calcareous soil”
e2“Cadmium decreased shoot dry weight (SDW), but did not affect root dry weight (RDW) and no consistent trend was observed with applied K”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium increased shoot and root Cd concentration or uptake in Ocimum basilicum.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicumOcimum basilicume1
- Treatment
- Cadmiume2
- Outcome
- shoot and root Cd concentration or uptakee2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Ocimum basilicum grown on an artificially Cd-contaminated calcareous soil”
e2“Cadmium increased shoot and root Cd concentration or uptake”
Claim · model-written summary
KCl increased shoot Cd concentration of Ocimum basilicum compared with control.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicumOcimum basilicume1
- Treatment
- KCle2
- Outcome
- shoot Cd concentratione2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Ocimum basilicum grown on an artificially Cd-contaminated calcareous soil”
e2“KCl and K2SO4 increased shoot Cd concentration compared to that of control, whereas K-nano-chelate did not affect it”
Claim · model-written summary
K2SO4 increased shoot Cd concentration of Ocimum basilicum compared with control.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicumOcimum basilicume1
- Treatment
- K2SO4e2
- Outcome
- shoot Cd concentratione2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Ocimum basilicum grown on an artificially Cd-contaminated calcareous soil”
e2“KCl and K2SO4 increased shoot Cd concentration compared to that of control, whereas K-nano-chelate did not affect it”
Claim · model-written summary
K-nano-chelate did not affect shoot Cd concentration of Ocimum basilicum.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicumOcimum basilicume1
- Treatment
- K-nano-chelatee2
- Outcome
- shoot Cd concentratione2
- Direction
- did not affecte2
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Ocimum basilicum grown on an artificially Cd-contaminated calcareous soil”
e2“KCl and K2SO4 increased shoot Cd concentration compared to that of control, whereas K-nano-chelate did not affect it”
Claim · model-written summary
In Cd-treated soils, the Cd translocation factor of Ocimum basilicum was 60% lower than in the control.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicumOcimum basilicume1
- Treatment
- Cd-treated soilse2
- Outcome
- Cd translocation factore2
- Direction
- decreasede2
- Value
- 60%e2
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Ocimum basilicum grown on an artificially Cd-contaminated calcareous soil”
e2“In Cd-treated soils the mean value of Cd translocation factor (ratio of Cd concentration in shoots to that of roots) decreased by 60% as compared to that of the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying 100 mg K-K2SO4 increased the Cd translocation factor by 49 in Cd-treated soils.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicumOcimum basilicume1
- Treatment
- 100 mg K-K2SO4e2
- Outcome
- Cd translocation factore2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 49e2
- Setting
- Cd-treated soilse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Ocimum basilicum grown on an artificially Cd-contaminated calcareous soil”
e2“Application of 100 mg K-K2SO4 and 100 and 200 mg K-nano-chelate increased the Cd translocation factor by 49, 59 and 112% in Cd-treated soils, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying 100 mg K-nano-chelate increased the Cd translocation factor by 59 in Cd-treated soils.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicumOcimum basilicume1
- Treatment
- K-nano-chelatee2
- Outcome
- Cd translocation factore2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 59e2
- Setting
- Cd-treated soilse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Ocimum basilicum grown on an artificially Cd-contaminated calcareous soil”
e2“Application of 100 mg K-K2SO4 and 100 and 200 mg K-nano-chelate increased the Cd translocation factor by 49, 59 and 112% in Cd-treated soils, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying 200 mg K-nano-chelate increased the Cd translocation factor by 112% in Cd-treated soils.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicumOcimum basilicume1
- Treatment
- 200 mg K-nano-chelatee2
- Outcome
- Cd translocation factore2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 112%e2
- Setting
- Cd-treated soilse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Ocimum basilicum grown on an artificially Cd-contaminated calcareous soil”
e2“Application of 100 mg K-K2SO4 and 100 and 200 mg K-nano-chelate increased the Cd translocation factor by 49, 59 and 112% in Cd-treated soils, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
In Cd-treated soils, greater amounts of Cd accumulated in the roots of Ocimum basilicum.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicumOcimum basilicume1
- Treatment
- Cd-treated soilse2
- Outcome
- Cd accumulated in rootse2
- Direction
- greatere2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Ocimum basilicum grown on an artificially Cd-contaminated calcareous soil”
e2“In Cd-treated soils, greater amounts of Cd accumulated in roots”
Claim · model-written summary
K-nano-chelate could mitigate the adverse effect of Cd on shoot dry weight and Cd accumulation in Ocimum basilicum grown on Cd-polluted soils.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicumOcimum basilicume1
- Treatment
- K-nano-chelatee2
- Outcome
- SDW and Cd accumulatione2
- Direction
- mitigatee2
- Setting
- Cd-polluted soilse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Ocimum basilicum grown on an artificially Cd-contaminated calcareous soil”
e2“K-nano-chelate could mitigate the adverse effect of Cd on SDW and Cd accumulation in plants grown on Cd-polluted soils, so the risk of Cd entrance to the food chain is reduced”
Claim · model-written summary
K-nano-chelate reduced the risk of Cd entering the food chain from Ocimum basilicum.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicumOcimum basilicume1
- Treatment
- K-nano-chelatee2
- Outcome
- risk of Cd entrance to the food chaine2
- Direction
- reducede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Ocimum basilicum grown on an artificially Cd-contaminated calcareous soil”
e2“K-nano-chelate could mitigate the adverse effect of Cd on SDW and Cd accumulation in plants grown on Cd-polluted soils, so the risk of Cd entrance to the food chain is reduced”
Claim · model-written summary
In Cd-untreated soils, K-nano-chelate increased the Cd translocation factor more than other K sources.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicumOcimum basilicume1
- Treatment
- K-nano-chelatee2
- Outcome
- Cd translocation factore2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Comparator
- other K sourcese2
- Setting
- Cd-untreated soilse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Ocimum basilicum grown on an artificially Cd-contaminated calcareous soil”
e2“however, in Cd-untreated soils, K-nano-chelate increased the Cd translocation factor higher than other K sources”
Claim · model-written summary
KCl was the most inappropriate fertilizer for Cd-polluted soils, as it may intensify Cd accumulation in plants.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicumOcimum basilicume1
- Treatment
- KCle2
- Outcome
- Cd accumulation in plantse2
- Setting
- Cd-polluted soilse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Ocimum basilicum grown on an artificially Cd-contaminated calcareous soil”
e2“In Cd-polluted soils KCl was the most inappropriate fertilizer that may intensify Cd accumulation in plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The fertilizer treatment discussed for Cd-polluted soils may be useful for phytoremediation of Cd.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicumOcimum basilicume1
- Outcome
- phytoremediation of Cd-polluted soilse2
- Setting
- Cd-polluted soilse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Ocimum basilicum grown on an artificially Cd-contaminated calcareous soil”
e2“However, it may be useful in the phytoremediation of Cd-polluted soils”
The same questions in other papers
cadmium atom · growth · Ocimum basilicum (basil)Results differ
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →potassium chloride · nutrient: content · Ocimum basilicum (basil)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
potassium sulfate · nutrient: content · Ocimum basilicum (basil)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
cadmium atom · nutrient: content · Ocimum basilicum (basil)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
potassium · growth · Ocimum basilicum (basil)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.