Abstract
Both Chromolaena odorata and Citrus limon are common in tropical areas as an important weed and fruit crop respectively. Dried and pulverized leaves of C. odorata and fruit peels of C. limon were evaluated at the rate of 15, 10 and 5 g per 100g of maize grain variety JZSR. C. odorata proved to be efficacious in the control of the maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) at the three concentrations with percentage mortalities of 75, 70 and 63.75, respectively, while C. limon was less effective providing insect mortalities of 60, 50 and 47.50%, respectively. Only C. odorata showed comparable results to that of Actellic dust (75.25%, used as a check) conferring with C. odorata leaf powder at 15 and 10 g, as the Actellic dust, a better protection against S. zeamais. Although the rest of treatments were not that protective, they achieved better protection than the untreated control. On progeny emergence, there were no significant differences among treatments. The overall attractiveness of stored grains was affected by the greenish brown colour of C. odorata leaf powder. Key words: Plant product powder, maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky), maize.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
C. odorata powder at 15 g per 100 g maize caused 75% weevil mortality.
- Material
- JZSRe0
- Treatment
- C. odoratae1
- Interactor
- Sitophilus zeamais
Sitophilus zeamaise1pest - Outcome
- percentage mortalitiese1
- Direction
- efficaciouse1
- Value
- 75e1
- Qualifier
- 15e0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“stored maize”
e0“Dried and pulverized leaves of C. odorata and fruit peels of C. limon were evaluated at the rate of 15, 10 and 5 g per 100g of maize grain variety JZSR”
e1“C. odorata proved to be efficacious in the control of the maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) at the three concentrations with percentage mortalities of 75, 70 and 63.75, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
C. odorata powder at 10 g per 100 g maize caused 70% weevil mortality.
- Material
- JZSRe0
- Treatment
- C. odoratae1
- Interactor
- Sitophilus zeamaisSitophilus zeamaise1pest
- Outcome
- maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais)e1
- Direction
- efficaciouse1
- Value
- 70e1
- Qualifier
- 10e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“stored maize”
e0“15, 10 and 5 g per 100g of maize grain variety JZSR”
e1“C. odorata proved to be efficacious in the control of the maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) at the three concentrations with percentage mortalities of 75, 70 and 63.75, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
C. odorata powder at 5 g per 100 g maize caused 63.75% weevil mortality.
- Material
- JZSRe0
- Treatment
- C. odoratae1
- Interactor
- Sitophilus zeamaisSitophilus zeamaise1pest
- Outcome
- maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais)e1
- Direction
- efficaciouse1
- Value
- 63.75e1
- Qualifier
- 5e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“stored maize”
e0“15, 10 and 5 g per 100g of maize grain variety JZSR”
e1“C. odorata proved to be efficacious in the control of the maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) at the three concentrations with percentage mortalities of 75, 70 and 63.75, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
C. limon powder at 15 g per 100 g maize caused 60% insect mortality.
- Material
- JZSRe0
- Treatment
- C. limone1
- Interactor
- Sitophilus zeamaisSitophilus zeamaise2pest
- Outcome
- insect mortalitiese1
- Direction
- less effectivee1
- Value
- 60e1
- Qualifier
- 15e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“stored maize”
e0“fruit peels of C. limon were evaluated at the rate of 15, 10 and 5 g per 100g of maize grain variety JZSR”
e1“C. limon was less effective providing insect mortalities of 60, 50 and 47.50%, respectively”
e2“maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais)”
Claim · model-written summary
C. limon powder at 10 g per 100 g maize caused 50% insect mortality.
- Material
- JZSRe0
- Treatment
- C. limone1
- Interactor
- Sitophilus zeamaisSitophilus zeamaise2pest
- Outcome
- insect mortalitiese1
- Direction
- less effectivee1
- Value
- 50e1
- Qualifier
- 10e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“stored maize”
e0“fruit peels of C. limon were evaluated at the rate of 15, 10 and 5 g per 100g of maize grain variety JZSR”
e1“C. limon was less effective providing insect mortalities of 60, 50 and 47.50%, respectively”
e2“maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais)”
Claim · model-written summary
C. limon powder at 5 g per 100 g maize caused 47.50% insect mortality.
- Material
- JZSRe0
- Treatment
- C. limone1
- Interactor
- Sitophilus zeamaisSitophilus zeamaise2pest
- Outcome
- insect mortalitiese1
- Direction
- less effectivee1
- Value
- 47.50%e1
- Qualifier
- 5e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“stored maize”
e0“fruit peels of C. limon were evaluated at the rate of 15, 10 and 5 g per 100g of maize grain variety JZSR”
e1“C. limon was less effective providing insect mortalities of 60, 50 and 47.50%, respectively”
e2“maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais)”
Claim · model-written summary
C. odorata at 15 g gave protection comparable to Actellic dust.
- Treatment
- C. odorata leaf powder at 15e0
- Interactor
- S. zeamaisSitophilus zeamaise0pest
- Outcome
- protection against S. zeamaise0
- Direction
- comparablee0
- Comparator
- Actellic duste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“stored maize”
e0“Only C. odorata showed comparable results to that of Actellic dust (75.25%, used as a check) conferring with C. odorata leaf powder at 15 and 10 g, as the Actellic dust, a better protection against S. zeamais”
Claim · model-written summary
C. odorata at 10 g gave protection comparable to Actellic dust.
- Treatment
- C. odorata leaf powdere0
- Interactor
- S. zeamaisSitophilus zeamaise0pest
- Outcome
- protection against S. zeamaise0
- Direction
- comparablee0
- Qualifier
- 10 ge0
- Comparator
- Actellic duste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“stored maize”
e0“Only C. odorata showed comparable results to that of Actellic dust (75.25%, used as a check) conferring with C. odorata leaf powder at 15 and 10 g, as the Actellic dust, a better protection against S. zeamais”
Claim · model-written summary
Other botanical treatments protected maize better than untreated control.
- Treatment
- rest of treatmentse0
- Interactor
- S. zeamaisSitophilus zeamaise1pest
- Outcome
- protectione0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“stored maize”
e0“Although the rest of treatments were not that protective, they achieved better protection than the untreated control”
e1“S. zeamais”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatments did not differ significantly in progeny emergence.
- Treatment
- treatmentse0
- Interactor
- S. zeamaisSitophilus zeamaise1pest
- Outcome
- progeny emergencee0
- Direction
- no significant differencese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“stored maize”
e0“On progeny emergence, there were no significant differences among treatments”
e1“S. zeamais”
Claim · model-written summary
C. odorata powder changed the visual attractiveness of stored grain through greenish brown coloration.
- Treatment
- C. odorata leaf powdere0
- Outcome
- overall attractiveness of stored grainse0
- Qualifier
- greenish brown coloure0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“stored maize”
e0“The overall attractiveness of stored grains was affected by the greenish brown colour of C. odorata leaf powder”
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