Abstract
Chromolaena odorata, Siam weed, a very important weed of Java Island (Indonesia) is native to Central and South America. In the laboratory it showed rapid growth (1.15 g/g/week) in the first 8 weeks of its growth. The biomass was mainly as leaves (LAR : 317.50 cm'/g total weight). It slowed down in the following month as the biomass was utilized for stem and branch formation. This behavior supported the growth of C. odorata into a very dense stand. It flowered, fruited during the dry season, and senesced following maturation of seeds from inflorescence branches. These branches dried out, but soon the stem resumed aggressive growth following the wet season. Leaf biomass was affected by the size of the stem in its early phase of regrowth, but later on it was more affected by the number of branches. The introduction of Pareuchaetes pseudoinsulata to Indonesia, was successful only in North Sumatera. In Java it has not been reported to establish succesfully. The introduction of another biological control agent, Procecidochares conneca to Indonesia was shown to be specific and upon release in West Java it established immediately. It spread exponentially in the first 6 months of its release. Field monitoring continues to evaluate the impact of the agents. Other biocontrol agents (Actmole anteas and Conotrachelus) wilt be introduced to Indonesia in 1997 through ACIAR Project on the Biological Control of Chromolaena odorata in Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. Keywords: Indonesia / North Sumatra / West Java / Biological control / Chromolaena odorata i Pareuchaetes pseudoinsulata I Procecidochares conneca.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Chromolaena odorata grew rapidly in the laboratory, at 1.15 g/g/week, during the first 8 weeks.
- Taxon
- CHROMOLAENA ODORATA
Chromolaena odoratat0 - Outcome
- growthe1
- Value
- 1.15 g/g/weeke1
- Setting
- In the laboratorye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“CHROMOLAENA ODORATA”
e1“In the laboratory it showed rapid growth (1.15 g/g/week) in the first 8 weeks of its growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Chromolaena odorata biomass was mainly in the leaves.
- Taxon
- CHROMOLAENA ODORATAChromolaena odoratat0
- Organ / stage
- leavese2
- Outcome
- biomasse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“CHROMOLAENA ODORATA”
e2“The biomass was mainly as leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Chromolaena odorata flowered and fruited during the dry season and senesced after seed maturation.
- Taxon
- CHROMOLAENA ODORATAChromolaena odoratat0
- Outcome
- flowered, fruitede3
- Qualifier
- senesced following maturation of seedse3
- Setting
- dry seasone3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“CHROMOLAENA ODORATA”
e3“It flowered, fruited during the dry season, and senesced following maturation of seeds from inflorescence branches”
Claim · model-written summary
After the branches dried out, the stem of Chromolaena odorata resumed aggressive growth following the wet season.
- Taxon
- CHROMOLAENA ODORATAChromolaena odoratat0
- Organ / stage
- steme4
- Outcome
- aggressive growthe4
- Setting
- wet seasone4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“CHROMOLAENA ODORATA”
e4“the stem resumed aggressive growth following the wet season”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf biomass of Chromolaena odorata was affected by stem size in the early phase of regrowth.
- Taxon
- CHROMOLAENA ODORATAChromolaena odoratat0
- Treatment
- size of the steme5
- Outcome
- Leaf biomasse5
- Qualifier
- early phase of regrowthe5
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“CHROMOLAENA ODORATA”
e5“Leaf biomass was affected by the size of the stem in its early phase of regrowth, but later on it was more affected by the number of branches”
Claim · model-written summary
Later in regrowth, leaf biomass of Chromolaena odorata was more affected by the number of branches.
- Taxon
- CHROMOLAENA ODORATAChromolaena odoratat0
- Treatment
- number of branchese5
- Outcome
- Leaf biomasse5
- Qualifier
- later one5
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“CHROMOLAENA ODORATA”
e5“Leaf biomass was affected by the size of the stem in its early phase of regrowth, but later on it was more affected by the number of branches”
Claim · model-written summary
Introduction of Pareuchaetes pseudoinsulata to Indonesia was successful only in North Sumatera.
- Taxon
- CHROMOLAENA ODORATAChromolaena odoratat0
- Interactor
- Pareuchaetes pseudoinsulata
Pareuchaetes pseudoinsulatae7biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- introductione7
- Qualifier
- successful only in North Sumaterae7
- Setting
- North Sumaterae7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“CHROMOLAENA ODORATA”
e7“The introduction of Pareuchaetes pseudoinsulata to Indonesia, was successful only in North Sumatera”
Claim · model-written summary
Pareuchaetes pseudoinsulata has not been reported to establish successfully in Java.
- Taxon
- CHROMOLAENA ODORATAChromolaena odoratat0
- Interactor
- Pareuchaetes pseudoinsulataPareuchaetes pseudoinsulatae7biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- establishe0
- Setting
- Javae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“CHROMOLAENA ODORATA”
e7“The introduction of Pareuchaetes pseudoinsulata to Indonesia, was successful only in North Sumatera”
e0“In Java it has not been reported to establish succesfully”
Claim · model-written summary
Procecidochares conneca was shown to be specific and established immediately after release in West Java.
- Taxon
- CHROMOLAENA ODORATAChromolaena odoratat0
- Interactor
- Procecidochares connecae1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- established immediatelye1
- Qualifier
- upon releasee1
- Setting
- West Javae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“CHROMOLAENA ODORATA”
e1“The introduction of another biological control agent, Procecidochares conneca to Indonesia was shown to be specific and upon release in West Java it established immediately”
Claim · model-written summary
Procecidochares conneca was shown to be specific.
- Taxon
- CHROMOLAENA ODORATAChromolaena odoratat0
- Interactor
- Procecidochares connecae1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- specifice1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“CHROMOLAENA ODORATA”
e1“The introduction of another biological control agent, Procecidochares conneca to Indonesia was shown to be specific and upon release in West Java it established immediately”
Claim · model-written summary
Procecidochares conneca spread exponentially in the first 6 months after its release.
- Taxon
- CHROMOLAENA ODORATAChromolaena odoratat0
- Interactor
- Procecidochares connecae1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- spreade2
- Qualifier
- exponentially in the first 6 monthse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“CHROMOLAENA ODORATA”
e1“The introduction of another biological control agent, Procecidochares conneca to Indonesia was shown to be specific and upon release in West Java it established immediately”
e2“It spread exponentially in the first 6 months of its release”