Abstract
The use of plant growth regulators (PGRs) has opened new prospects for increased seed production in grasses and legumes, but little information is available on the effects of PGRs on alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) seed production. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of applying chlormequat chloride (CCC) (2‐chloroethyl‐trimethyl‐ammonium chloride) in combination with five PGRs {naphthylacetic acid [1‐naphthylacetic acid], sodium nitrophenolate, gibberellic acid 3 [2,4a,7‐trihydroxy‐1‐methyl‐8‐methylenegibb‐3‐ene‐1,10‐carboxylic acid‐1, 4a‐lactone], triacontanol [1‐triacontanol], and brassinolide [(22R,23R,24R)‐2α,3α,22,23‐tetrahydroxy‐ β‐homo‐7‐oxa‐5α‐ergostan‐6‐one]} on seed yield, aboveground biomass, harvest index, plant height, basal stem diameter, lodging, yield components, and seed quality. Chlormequat chloride was applied annually at the stooling stage while five PGRs were applied twice each year at the stages of flower bud formation and peak flowering. We hypothesized that CCC would decrease plant height, while the five PGRs would increase flowering and seed set. In theory the combined application of CCC with a PGR would be more efficient in improving seed yield. All the PGRs increased the mean 3‐yr seed yield and harvest index by 10%, but did not affect aboveground biomass. Chlormequat chloride reduced plant height and lodging, but reduced mean seed yield. The effects of CCC on seed yield depended on climatic conditions. No interactions between CCC and PGR on seed yield were noted. Neither the PGRs nor the CCC affected seed quality. Our results suggest that these PGRs could be used in alfalfa breeding to increase seed yield while maintaining high seed quality.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
PGRs increased mean three-year seed yield by 10%.
- Taxon
- alfalfa
Medicago sativat0 - Treatment
- PGRse0
- Outcome
- mean 3‐yr seed yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 10%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All the PGRs increased the mean 3‐yr seed yield and harvest index by 10%”
t0“Alfalfa Seed Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
PGRs increased harvest index by 10%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All the PGRs increased the mean 3‐yr seed yield and harvest index by 10%”
t0“Alfalfa Seed Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
PGRs did not affect aboveground biomass.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- PGRse1
- Outcome
- aboveground biomasse0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but did not affect aboveground biomass”
t0“Plant Growth Regulator Effects on Balancing Vegetative and Reproductive Phases in Alfalfa Seed Yield”
e1“All the PGRs increased the mean 3‐yr seed yield and harvest index by 10%”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlormequat chloride reduced plant height and lodging.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- Chlormequat chloridee0
- Outcome
- plant height and lodginge0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chlormequat chloride reduced plant height and lodging”
t0“Alfalfa Seed Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlormequat chloride reduced mean seed yield.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- Chlormequat chloridee0
- Outcome
- mean seed yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chlormequat chloride reduced plant height and lodging, but reduced mean seed yield”
t0“Alfalfa Seed Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
The effect of CCC on seed yield depended on climatic conditions.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- CCCe0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Qualifier
- climatic conditionse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of CCC on seed yield depended on climatic conditions”
t0“Alfalfa Seed Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
CCC and PGR did not interact in their effect on seed yield.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- CCC and PGRe0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No interactions between CCC and PGR on seed yield were noted”
t0“Alfalfa Seed Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Neither PGRs nor CCC affected seed quality.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- PGRse0
- Outcome
- seed qualitye0
- Direction
- affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Neither the PGRs nor the CCC affected seed quality”
t0“Alfalfa Seed Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors suggest PGRs for alfalfa breeding to increase seed yield while retaining quality.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- PGRse0
- Outcome
- increase seed yield while maintaining high seed qualitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“these PGRs could be used in alfalfa breeding to increase seed yield while maintaining high seed quality”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.