Abstract
Hakki M. I.: On flower anatomy and embryology of Lophiocarpus polystachyus (Lophiocarpaceae). — Willdenowia 43: 185–194. June 2013. — Online ISSN 1868-6397; © 2013 BGBM Berlin-Dahlem.. Stable URL: http//dx.doi.org/10.3372/wi.43.43120Flower anatomy and embryology of Lophiocarpus polystachyus was studied, based on over one thousand slides left by Theo Eckardt and prepared from material of a wild source in South Africa chiefly in the 1970s. The all bisexual flowers of the polytelic inflorescences possess a well-developed nectary, are promoted on the abaxial side, have a perianth of five tepals. a 4-merous or, more rarely, by fusion of two adaxial stamens, 3-merous androecium, a somewhat stipitate, unilocular gynoecium of two fused carpels with one basally inserted ovule. Wall formation of the introrse and tetrasporangiate anther conforms to the Monocotyledonous type. Meiosis of the microsporocytes during which 9 bivalents are visible leads after simultaneous delimitation of the microspores to tetrahedral and decussate pollen tetrads. The tricolpate pollen is 3-celled when shed. The ovule is campylotropous, bitegmic and crassinucellate, as is common in the Centrospermae. Embryo sac development is of the monosporic, Polygonum type. Embryogenesis follows the Caryophyllad type of Johansen. The fruit is a 1-seeded drupe. The flower anatomy of Lophiocarpus confirms an affinity to the Phytolaccaceae s.l. and its distance from the Chenopodiaceae because of the missing gynophore in the latter. A comparison with the embryological data for Corbichonia does not corroborate an intimate relationship of the two genera.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Bisexual flowers of Lophiocarpus polystachyus possess a well-developed nectary.
- Taxon
- Lophiocarpus polystachyusLophiocarpus polystachyuse1
- Organ / stage
- bisexual flowerse2
- Outcome
- nectarye2
- Qualifier
- well-developede2
Verbatim
e1“Flower anatomy and embryology of Lophiocarpus polystachyus was studied”
e2“The all bisexual flowers of the polytelic inflorescences possess a well-developed nectary, are promoted on the abaxial side, have a perianth of five tepals”
Claim · model-written summary
The perianth of Lophiocarpus polystachyus flowers has five tepals.
- Taxon
- Lophiocarpus polystachyusLophiocarpus polystachyuse1
- Outcome
- perianthe2
- Value
- five tepalse2
Verbatim
e1“Flower anatomy and embryology of Lophiocarpus polystachyus was studied”
e2“The all bisexual flowers of the polytelic inflorescences possess a well-developed nectary, are promoted on the abaxial side, have a perianth of five tepals”
Claim · model-written summary
The androecium of Lophiocarpus polystachyus is 4-merous or, more rarely, 3-merous through fusion of two adaxial stamens.
- Taxon
- Lophiocarpus polystachyusLophiocarpus polystachyuse1
- Outcome
- androeciume2
- Value
- 4-merouse2
- Qualifier
- or, more rarely, by fusion of two adaxial stamens, 3-merouse2
Verbatim
e1“Flower anatomy and embryology of Lophiocarpus polystachyus was studied”
e2“a 4-merous or, more rarely, by fusion of two adaxial stamens, 3-merous androecium”
Claim · model-written summary
The gynoecium of Lophiocarpus polystachyus is unilocular with two fused carpels.
- Taxon
- Lophiocarpus polystachyusLophiocarpus polystachyuse1
- Outcome
- gynoeciume2
- Value
- two fused carpelse2
- Qualifier
- uniloculare2
Verbatim
e1“Flower anatomy and embryology of Lophiocarpus polystachyus was studied”
e2“a somewhat stipitate, unilocular gynoecium of two fused carpels with one basally inserted ovule”
Claim · model-written summary
Anther wall formation in Lophiocarpus polystachyus conforms to the Monocotyledonous type.
- Taxon
- Lophiocarpus polystachyusLophiocarpus polystachyuse1
- Organ / stage
- introrse and tetrasporangiate anthere2
- Outcome
- Wall formatione2
- Qualifier
- Monocotyledonous typee2
Verbatim
e1“Flower anatomy and embryology of Lophiocarpus polystachyus was studied”
e2“Wall formation of the introrse and tetrasporangiate anther conforms to the Monocotyledonous type”
Claim · model-written summary
Microsporocyte meiosis in Lophiocarpus polystachyus shows 9 bivalents.
- Taxon
- Lophiocarpus polystachyusLophiocarpus polystachyuse1
- Organ / stage
- microsporocytese2
- Outcome
- bivalentse2
- Value
- 9 bivalentse2
Verbatim
e1“Flower anatomy and embryology of Lophiocarpus polystachyus was studied”
e2“Meiosis of the microsporocytes during which 9 bivalents are visible leads after simultaneous delimitation of the microspores to tetrahedral and decussate pollen tetrads”
Claim · model-written summary
Meiosis in Lophiocarpus polystachyus yields tetrahedral and decussate pollen tetrads.
- Taxon
- Lophiocarpus polystachyusLophiocarpus polystachyuse1
- Outcome
- pollen tetradse2
- Qualifier
- tetrahedral and decussatee2
Verbatim
e1“Flower anatomy and embryology of Lophiocarpus polystachyus was studied”
e2“Meiosis of the microsporocytes during which 9 bivalents are visible leads after simultaneous delimitation of the microspores to tetrahedral and decussate pollen tetrads”
Claim · model-written summary
Tricolpate pollen of Lophiocarpus polystachyus is 3-celled when shed.
- Taxon
- Lophiocarpus polystachyusLophiocarpus polystachyuse1
- Outcome
- pollene2
- Value
- 3-cellede2
- Qualifier
- tricolpatee2
Verbatim
e1“Flower anatomy and embryology of Lophiocarpus polystachyus was studied”
e2“The tricolpate pollen is 3-celled when shed”
Claim · model-written summary
The ovule of Lophiocarpus polystachyus is campylotropous, bitegmic and crassinucellate.
- Taxon
- Lophiocarpus polystachyusLophiocarpus polystachyuse1
- Outcome
- ovulee2
- Qualifier
- campylotropous, bitegmic and crassinucellatee2
Verbatim
e1“Flower anatomy and embryology of Lophiocarpus polystachyus was studied”
e2“The ovule is campylotropous, bitegmic and crassinucellate, as is common in the Centrospermae”
Claim · model-written summary
Embryo sac development in Lophiocarpus polystachyus is of the monosporic, Polygonum type.
- Taxon
- Lophiocarpus polystachyusLophiocarpus polystachyuse1
- Outcome
- Embryo sac developmente2
- Qualifier
- monosporic, Polygonum typee2
Verbatim
e1“Flower anatomy and embryology of Lophiocarpus polystachyus was studied”
e2“Embryo sac development is of the monosporic, Polygonum type”
Claim · model-written summary
Embryogenesis in Lophiocarpus polystachyus follows the Caryophyllad type of Johansen.
- Taxon
- Lophiocarpus polystachyusLophiocarpus polystachyuse1
- Outcome
- Embryogenesise2
- Qualifier
- Caryophyllad type of Johansene2
Verbatim
e1“Flower anatomy and embryology of Lophiocarpus polystachyus was studied”
e2“Embryogenesis follows the Caryophyllad type of Johansen”
Claim · model-written summary
The fruit of Lophiocarpus polystachyus is a 1-seeded drupe.
- Taxon
- Lophiocarpus polystachyusLophiocarpus polystachyuse1
- Outcome
- fruite2
- Qualifier
- 1-seeded drupee2
Verbatim
e1“Flower anatomy and embryology of Lophiocarpus polystachyus was studied”
e2“The fruit is a 1-seeded drupe”
Claim · model-written summary
Flower anatomy of Lophiocarpus confirms an affinity to the Phytolaccaceae s.l. and a distance from the Chenopodiaceae.
- Taxon
- Lophiocarpus polystachyusLophiocarpus polystachyuse1
- Outcome
- affinity to the Phytolaccaceae s.l.e2
- Qualifier
- distance from the Chenopodiaceae because of the missing gynophore in the lattere2
Verbatim
e1“Flower anatomy and embryology of Lophiocarpus polystachyus was studied”
e2“The flower anatomy of Lophiocarpus confirms an affinity to the Phytolaccaceae s.l. and its distance from the Chenopodiaceae because of the missing gynophore in the latter”
Claim · model-written summary
Embryological data for Corbichonia do not corroborate an intimate relationship between Lophiocarpus and Corbichonia.
- Taxon
- Lophiocarpus polystachyusLophiocarpus polystachyuse1
- Outcome
- intimate relationship of the two generae2
- Comparator
- embryological data for Corbichoniae2
Verbatim
e1“Flower anatomy and embryology of Lophiocarpus polystachyus was studied”
e2“A comparison with the embryological data for Corbichonia does not corroborate an intimate relationship of the two genera”