Abstract
Shade is a major cause of poor performance and loss of turf, especially on putting greens. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of trinexapac‐ethyl (TE) [4‐(cyclopropyl‐alpha‐hydroxymethylene)‐3, 5‐dioxo‐cyclohexanecarboxylic acid ethylester] and nitrogen (N) on the performance and carbohydrate content of creeping bentgrass ( Agrostis stolonifera L. cv. ‘Penncross’) grown under reduced light conditions (RLC). The effect of rate and frequency of TE applications to creeping bentgrass under RLC also were evaluated. Two field experiments were conducted during 1998 and 1999 in East Lansing, MI on an established sand‐based putting green mowed to a height of 4 mm. In the first experiment (1998 and 1999), turf grown under 80% black shade cloth received multiple applications of TE (0, 0.042 or 0.070 kg a.i. ha −1 ) in combination with N (low = 150–185 kg N ha −1 season −1 or high = 212–235 kg N ha −1 season −1 ). Turf quality and cover were reduced greatly under 80% shade. Application of TE increased turf cover from 6 to 33%, tillers from 40 to 52%, but had no effect on root mass when compared with turf not treated with TE. Fructose content increased by 40 and 37% in turf treated with TE at 0.042 and 0.070 kg a.i. ha −1 , respectively. No differences in tissue levels of other carbohydrates or starch were found. Turf cover was 3.3 to 7.2% greater in plots treated with low N when compared with high N. There were no significant interactions between TE and N. In the second experiment (1999), turf grown under 60% green shade cloth received TE (0, 0.025, or 0.050 kg a.i. ha −1 ) applied on 2‐ or 4‐wk intervals. There were no differences in turf cover in bentgrass grown under 60% shade, regardless of TE treatment. In general, creeping bentgrass quality and color were improved by TE, when compared with untreated turf. Overall, data indicated that TE and judicious use of N can improve creeping bentgrass quality under RLC.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Trinexapac-ethyl application increased turf cover from 6 to 33% under 80% shade.
- Taxon
- creeping bentgrass
Agrostis stoloniferae0 - Treatment
- TEe1
- Outcome
- turf covere1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- from 6 to 33%e1
- Comparator
- turf not treated with TEe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the performance and carbohydrate content of creeping bentgrass”
e1“Application of TE increased turf cover from 6 to 33%, tillers from 40 to 52%, but had no effect on root mass when compared with turf not treated with TE”
Claim · model-written summary
Trinexapac-ethyl application increased tillers from 40 to 52%.
- Taxon
- creeping bentgrassAgrostis stoloniferae0
- Treatment
- TEe1
- Outcome
- tillerse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- from 40 to 52%e1
- Comparator
- turf not treated with TEe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the performance and carbohydrate content of creeping bentgrass”
e1“Application of TE increased turf cover from 6 to 33%, tillers from 40 to 52%, but had no effect on root mass when compared with turf not treated with TE”
Claim · model-written summary
Trinexapac-ethyl application had no effect on root mass.
- Taxon
- creeping bentgrassAgrostis stoloniferae0
- Treatment
- TEe1
- Outcome
- root masse1
- Direction
- had no effecte1
- Comparator
- turf not treated with TEe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the performance and carbohydrate content of creeping bentgrass”
e1“Application of TE increased turf cover from 6 to 33%, tillers from 40 to 52%, but had no effect on root mass when compared with turf not treated with TE”
Claim · model-written summary
Trinexapac-ethyl at 0.042 and 0.070 kg a.i. ha −1 increased fructose content by 40 and 37%.
- Taxon
- creeping bentgrassAgrostis stoloniferae0
- Treatment
- TE at 0.042 and 0.070 kg a.i. ha −1e1
- Outcome
- Fructose contente1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 40 and 37%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the performance and carbohydrate content of creeping bentgrass”
e1“Fructose content increased by 40 and 37% in turf treated with TE at 0.042 and 0.070 kg a.i. ha −1 , respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Trinexapac-ethyl did not change tissue levels of other carbohydrates or starch.
- Taxon
- creeping bentgrassAgrostis stoloniferae0
- Treatment
- TEe2
- Outcome
- tissue levels of other carbohydrates or starche1
- Direction
- No differencese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the performance and carbohydrate content of creeping bentgrass”
e1“No differences in tissue levels of other carbohydrates or starch were found”
e2“Application of TE increased turf cover from 6 to 33%”
Claim · model-written summary
Low nitrogen gave 3.3 to 7.2% greater turf cover than high nitrogen.
- Taxon
- creeping bentgrassAgrostis stoloniferae0
- Treatment
- low Ne1
- Outcome
- Turf covere1
- Direction
- greatere1
- Value
- 3.3 to 7.2%e1
- Comparator
- high Ne1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the performance and carbohydrate content of creeping bentgrass”
e1“Turf cover was 3.3 to 7.2% greater in plots treated with low N when compared with high N”
Claim · model-written summary
Trinexapac-ethyl and nitrogen showed no significant interaction on creeping bentgrass.
- Taxon
- creeping bentgrassAgrostis stoloniferae0
- Treatment
- TE and Ne1
- Outcome
- interactions between TE and Ne1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the performance and carbohydrate content of creeping bentgrass”
e1“There were no significant interactions between TE and N”
Claim · model-written summary
Under 60% shade, trinexapac-ethyl did not change turf cover.
- Taxon
- creeping bentgrassAgrostis stoloniferae0
- Treatment
- TE treatmente1
- Outcome
- turf covere1
- Direction
- no differencese1
- Setting
- 60% shadee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the performance and carbohydrate content of creeping bentgrass”
e1“There were no differences in turf cover in bentgrass grown under 60% shade, regardless of TE treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Trinexapac-ethyl improved creeping bentgrass quality and color compared with untreated turf.
- Taxon
- creeping bentgrassAgrostis stoloniferae0
- Treatment
- TEe1
- Outcome
- quality and colore1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Comparator
- untreated turfe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the performance and carbohydrate content of creeping bentgrass”
e1“In general, creeping bentgrass quality and color were improved by TE, when compared with untreated turf”
Claim · model-written summary
Shade of 80% greatly reduced turf quality and cover.
- Taxon
- creeping bentgrassAgrostis stoloniferae0
- Treatment
- 80% shadee1
- Outcome
- Turf quality and covere1
- Direction
- reduced greatlye1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the performance and carbohydrate content of creeping bentgrass”
e1“Turf quality and cover were reduced greatly under 80% shade”
The same questions in other papers
trinexapac-ethyl · quality: sugar starch · Agrostis stolonifera (creeping bent grass)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
trinexapac-ethyl · growth · Agrostis stolonifera (creeping bent grass)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- no effect
trinexapac-ethyl · quality: postharvest · Agrostis stolonifera (creeping bent grass)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- positive
trinexapac-ethyl · yield · Agrostis stolonifera (creeping bent grass)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
trinexapac-ethyl · molecular: metabolites · Agrostis stolonifera (creeping bent grass)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
shade · quality: general · Agrostis stolonifera (creeping bent grass)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.