Abstract
Abstract The Rolling Pampa is the most productive region of the Argentine Humid Pampa comprising around 10 Mha. Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.), corn ( Zea mays L.), and soya bean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] are the main grain crops produced. To develop sound cropping strategies, a better understanding of the impact of soil fertility and management on crops is needed. The objective of this study was to develop models for estimating the effects of growing season precipitation, soil fertility and management on wheat and corn yields. Data from 347 wheat and 323 corn field experiments and production fields over six growing seasons were used. Soil, management and weather characteristics were determined and yields were then evaluated. Data were analysed using linear and quadratic models and a quadratic polynomial surface model. Soil fertility, management and rainfall and interactions were analysed. Growing season precipitation correlated with wheat (R 2 = 0.42) and corn (R 2 = 0.25) yield. Maximum wheat yield was achieved with 350–400 mm rainfall and corn yield reached a plateau around 700 mm. Soil fertility accounted for 33 % of wheat yield variability and 5 % of corn yield variability. Management accounted for 48 and 9 % respectively. Whole polynomial models integrating rainfall, fertilizer N and P rates, soil N and P, previous crop and tillage system accounted for 67 % of wheat yield variability and 51 % of corn yield variability. Soil organic matter was not included in the models but an indirect effect on yield was detected as organic matter correlated with initial soil N levels for both crops. Soya bean as a previous crop had a positive effect on wheat and corn yields. Wheat was insensitive to tillage system but corn yield was higher under no till. N and P fertilization had a two‐ to three‐fold greater impact on yield than soil nutrient levels. As this region is considered to be of high soil fertility and has a history of very low fertilizer consumption, adequate use of N and P fertilization will be essential to maintaining high wheat and corn yields.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Growing-season precipitation correlated with wheat yield (R²=0.42).
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- Growing season precipitatione0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Value
- 0.42e0
Not reportedSettingDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Growing season precipitation correlated with wheat (R 2 = 0.42) and corn (R 2 = 0.25) yield.”
Claim · model-written summary
Growing-season precipitation correlated with corn yield (R²=0.25).
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Treatment
- Growing season precipitatione0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Value
- 0.25e0
Not reportedSettingDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Growing season precipitation correlated with wheat (R 2 = 0.42) and corn (R 2 = 0.25) yield.”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum wheat yield occurred with 350–400 mm rainfall.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 350–400 mm rainfalle0
- Outcome
- wheat yielde0
- Direction
- Maximume0
- Value
- 350–400 mme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum wheat yield was achieved with 350–400 mm rainfall and corn yield reached a plateau around 700 mm.”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn yield plateaued around 700 mm rainfall.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum wheat yield was achieved with 350–400 mm rainfall and corn yield reached a plateau around 700 mm.”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil fertility accounted for 33 % of wheat yield variability.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Soil fertilitye0
- Outcome
- wheat yield variabilitye0
- Value
- 33 %e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil fertility accounted for 33 % of wheat yield variability and 5 % of corn yield variability.”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil fertility accounted for 5 % of corn yield variability.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- Soil fertilitye0
- Outcome
- corn yield variabilitye0
- Value
- 5 %e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil fertility accounted for 33 % of wheat yield variability and 5 % of corn yield variability.”
Claim · model-written summary
Management accounted for 48 of wheat yield variability.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Managemente0
- Outcome
- yield variabilitye1
- Value
- 48e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Management accounted for 48 and 9 % respectively.”
e1“Soil fertility accounted for 33 % of wheat yield variability and 5 % of corn yield variability.”
t0“Wheat and Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Management accounted for 9 % of corn yield variability.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Managemente0
- Outcome
- yield variabilitye1
- Value
- 9 %e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Management accounted for 48 and 9 % respectively.”
e1“Soil fertility accounted for 33 % of wheat yield variability and 5 % of corn yield variability.”
t0“Wheat and Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Whole polynomial models accounted for 67 % of wheat yield variability.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- rainfall, fertilizer N and P rates, soil N and P, previous crop and tillage systeme0
- Outcome
- wheat yield variabilitye0
- Value
- 67 %e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Whole polynomial models integrating rainfall, fertilizer N and P rates, soil N and P, previous crop and tillage system accounted for 67 % of wheat yield variability and 51 % of corn yield variability.”
Claim · model-written summary
Whole polynomial models accounted for 51 % of corn yield variability.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- rainfall, fertilizer N and P rates, soil N and P, previous crop and tillage systeme0
- Outcome
- corn yield variabilitye0
- Value
- 51 %e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Whole polynomial models integrating rainfall, fertilizer N and P rates, soil N and P, previous crop and tillage system accounted for 67 % of wheat yield variability and 51 % of corn yield variability.”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil organic matter correlated with initial soil nitrogen for both crops.
Not reportedTaxonDirection
Verbatim
e0“Soil organic matter was not included in the models but an indirect effect on yield was detected as organic matter correlated with initial soil N levels for both crops.”
Claim · model-written summary
Soya bean as a previous crop improved wheat yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Soya bean as a previous crope0
- Outcome
- wheat and corn yieldse0
- Direction
- positive effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soya bean as a previous crop had a positive effect on wheat and corn yields.”
Claim · model-written summary
Soya bean as a previous crop improved corn yield.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- Soya bean as a previous crope0
- Outcome
- corn yieldse0
- Direction
- positive effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soya bean as a previous crop had a positive effect on wheat and corn yields.”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat yield was insensitive to tillage system.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- tillage systeme0
- Outcome
- Wheat was insensitive to tillage systeme0
- Direction
- insensitivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat was insensitive to tillage system but corn yield was higher under no till.”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn yield was higher under no till.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- no tille0
- Outcome
- corn yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat was insensitive to tillage system but corn yield was higher under no till.”
Claim · model-written summary
N and P fertilization affected yield two to three times more than soil nutrient levels.
- Treatment
- N and P fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- two‐ to three‐folde0
- Comparator
- soil nutrient levelse0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“N and P fertilization had a two‐ to three‐fold greater impact on yield than soil nutrient levels.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommended adequate N and P fertilization to maintain high wheat and corn yields.
- Taxon
- wheat and cornTriticum aestivumZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Outcome
- adequate use of N and P fertilizatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As this region is considered to be of high soil fertility and has a history of very low fertilizer consumption, adequate use of N and P fertilization will be essential to maintaining high wheat and corn yields.”
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