Abstract
Abstract Dinitroaniline herbicides are widely used for production of canning peas ( Pisum sativum L.). These are residual herbicides and the effects of residues has been long recognized to be influenced by tillage. Careful evaluation of these compounds was thus needed before growers could consider growing sweet corn ( Zea mays L.) following peas in a double cropping system. Peas were therefore established in a field study (Typic Argindoll finesilty, mixed mesic soil), using various dinitroaniline herbicides for weed control. After pea harvest, half the area was plowed and planted to sweet corn, and the remaining area was planted with a minimum tillage method to the same crop. Observations were made of weed growth and pea and sweet corn performance. The tillage and planting systems alone influenced both weeds and sweet corn. Giant foxtail ( Seteria faberi Herrm.) and velvetleaf ( Abutilon theophrasti Medic.) populations were 63 and 87% higher, respectively, in the sweet corn check plots planted with conventional tillage than when planted minimum till. Sweet com population and yield were 15.6 and 14.4% higher, respectively, with conventional tillage than with minimum tillage. The dinitroaniline herbicides had a significant impact on the sweet corn crop only when it was planted using the minimum till system. Dinitramine [ N 4 , N 4 ‐diethyl‐α,α,α‐trifluoro‐3,5‐dinitrotoluene‐2,4‐diamine], fluchloralin [ N ‐(2‐chloro‐ethyl)‐2,6‐dinitro‐ N ‐propyl‐4‐(trifluoro methyl)aniline], pendimethalin [ N ‐(l‐ethylpropyl)‐3,4‐dimethyl‐2,6‐dinitrobenzenamine], trifluralin (α,α,α‐trifluoro‐2,6‐dinitro‐ N,N ‐dipropyl‐ p ‐toluidine), and a combination of oryzalin [3,5‐dinitro‐ N 4 , N 4 ‐dipropyl‐sulfanilamide] plus trifluralin residues were effective in reducing giant foxtail and velvetleaf populations in sweet corn. Ethalfluralin [ N ‐l‐ethyl‐ N ‐(2‐methyl‐2‐propenyl)‐2,6‐dinitro‐4‐(trifluoromethyl)benzenamine] was effective in controlling the velvetleaf population. Trifluralin residues caused the greatest carryover injury to sweet corn stands and the intensity of injury increased with higher application rates. Only fluchloralin, ethalfluralin, and trifluralin at 0.84, 0.84, and 0.42 kg/ha, respectively, did not cause sweet corn injury. The best sweet corn yields were obtained following treatments of dinitramine, ethalfluralin, and fluchloralin.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional tillage raised giant foxtail populations 63% over minimum tillage in sweet-corn check plots.
Verbatim
e0“Giant foxtail ( Seteria faberi Herrm.) and velvetleaf ( Abutilon theophrasti Medic.) populations were 63 and 87% higher, respectively, in the sweet corn check plots planted with conventional tillage than when planted minimum till.”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional tillage raised velvetleaf populations 87% over minimum tillage in sweet-corn check plots.
- Taxon
- sweet corne0
- Treatment
- conventional tillagee0
- Interactor
- velvetleaf
Abutilon theophrastie0weed - Outcome
- populationse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 87%e0
- Comparator
- minimum tille0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Giant foxtail ( Seteria faberi Herrm.) and velvetleaf ( Abutilon theophrasti Medic.) populations were 63 and 87% higher, respectively, in the sweet corn check plots planted with conventional tillage than when planted minimum till.”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional tillage raised sweet-corn population 15.6% over minimum tillage.
Verbatim
e0“Sweet com population and yield were 15.6 and 14.4% higher, respectively, with conventional tillage than with minimum tillage.”
t0“Sweet Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional tillage raised sweet-corn yield 14.4% over minimum tillage.
Verbatim
e0“Sweet com population and yield were 15.6 and 14.4% higher, respectively, with conventional tillage than with minimum tillage.”
t0“Sweet Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Dinitroaniline herbicides significantly affected sweet corn only under minimum tillage.
- Taxon
- sweet corne0
- Treatment
- dinitroaniline herbicidese0
- Outcome
- sweet corn crope0
- Qualifier
- minimum till systeme0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“The dinitroaniline herbicides had a significant impact on the sweet corn crop only when it was planted using the minimum till system.”
Claim · model-written summary
Dinitramine residues reduced giant foxtail and velvetleaf populations in sweet corn.
- Taxon
- sweet corne0
- Treatment
- Dinitraminee0
- Interactor
- giant foxtaile0weed
- Second interactor
- velvetleafAbutilon theophrastie0weed
- Outcome
- giant foxtail and velvetleaf populationse0
- Direction
- reducinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dinitramine [ N 4 , N 4 ‐diethyl‐α,α,α‐trifluoro‐3,5‐dinitrotoluene‐2,4‐diamine], fluchloralin [ N ‐(2‐chloro‐ethyl)‐2,6‐dinitro‐ N ‐propyl‐4‐(trifluoro methyl)aniline], pendimethalin [ N ‐(l‐ethylpropyl)‐3,4‐dimethyl‐2,6‐dinitrobenzenamine], trifluralin (α,α,α‐trifluoro‐2,6‐dinitro‐ N,N ‐dipropyl‐ p ‐toluidine), and a combination of oryzalin [3,5‐dinitro‐ N 4 , N 4 ‐dipropyl‐sulfanilamide] plus trifluralin residues were effective in reducing giant foxtail and velvetleaf populations in sweet corn.”
Claim · model-written summary
Fluchloralin residues reduced giant foxtail and velvetleaf populations in sweet corn.
- Taxon
- sweet corne0
- Treatment
- fluchloraline0
- Interactor
- giant foxtaile0weed
- Second interactor
- velvetleafAbutilon theophrastie0weed
- Outcome
- giant foxtail and velvetleaf populationse0
- Direction
- reducinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fluchloralin [ N ‐(2‐chloro‐ethyl)‐2,6‐dinitro‐ N ‐propyl‐4‐(trifluoro methyl)aniline], pendimethalin [ N ‐(l‐ethylpropyl)‐3,4‐dimethyl‐2,6‐dinitrobenzenamine], trifluralin (α,α,α‐trifluoro‐2,6‐dinitro‐ N,N ‐dipropyl‐ p ‐toluidine), and a combination of oryzalin [3,5‐dinitro‐ N 4 , N 4 ‐dipropyl‐sulfanilamide] plus trifluralin residues were effective in reducing giant foxtail and velvetleaf populations in sweet corn.”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin residues reduced giant foxtail and velvetleaf populations in sweet corn.
- Taxon
- sweet corne0
- Treatment
- pendimethaline0
- Interactor
- giant foxtaile0weed
- Second interactor
- velvetleafAbutilon theophrastie0weed
- Outcome
- giant foxtail and velvetleaf populationse0
- Direction
- reducinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pendimethalin [ N ‐(l‐ethylpropyl)‐3,4‐dimethyl‐2,6‐dinitrobenzenamine], trifluralin (α,α,α‐trifluoro‐2,6‐dinitro‐ N,N ‐dipropyl‐ p ‐toluidine), and a combination of oryzalin [3,5‐dinitro‐ N 4 , N 4 ‐dipropyl‐sulfanilamide] plus trifluralin residues were effective in reducing giant foxtail and velvetleaf populations in sweet corn.”
Claim · model-written summary
Trifluralin residues reduced giant foxtail and velvetleaf populations in sweet corn.
- Taxon
- sweet corne0
- Treatment
- trifluraline0
- Interactor
- giant foxtaile0weed
- Second interactor
- velvetleafAbutilon theophrastie0weed
- Outcome
- giant foxtail and velvetleaf populationse0
- Direction
- reducinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“trifluralin (α,α,α‐trifluoro‐2,6‐dinitro‐ N,N ‐dipropyl‐ p ‐toluidine), and a combination of oryzalin [3,5‐dinitro‐ N 4 , N 4 ‐dipropyl‐sulfanilamide] plus trifluralin residues were effective in reducing giant foxtail and velvetleaf populations in sweet corn.”
Claim · model-written summary
Oryzalin plus trifluralin residues reduced giant foxtail and velvetleaf populations in sweet corn.
- Taxon
- sweet corne0
- Treatment
- oryzalin [3,5‐dinitro‐ N 4 , N 4 ‐dipropyl‐sulfanilamide] plus trifluraline0
- Interactor
- giant foxtaile0weed
- Second interactor
- velvetleafAbutilon theophrastie0weed
- Outcome
- giant foxtail and velvetleaf populationse0
- Direction
- reducinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a combination of oryzalin [3,5‐dinitro‐ N 4 , N 4 ‐dipropyl‐sulfanilamide] plus trifluralin residues were effective in reducing giant foxtail and velvetleaf populations in sweet corn.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethalfluralin controlled velvetleaf in sweet corn.
- Taxon
- sweet cornt0
- Treatment
- Ethalfluraline0
- Interactor
- velvetleafAbutilon theophrastie0weed
- Outcome
- velvetleaf populatione0
- Direction
- controllinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ethalfluralin [ N ‐l‐ethyl‐ N ‐(2‐methyl‐2‐propenyl)‐2,6‐dinitro‐4‐(trifluoromethyl)benzenamine] was effective in controlling the velvetleaf population.”
t0“Sweet Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Trifluralin residues caused the greatest carryover injury to sweet-corn stands.
- Taxon
- sweet corne0
- Treatment
- Trifluralin residuese0
- Outcome
- carryover injury to sweet corn standse0
- Direction
- greateste0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Trifluralin residues caused the greatest carryover injury to sweet corn stands”
Claim · model-written summary
Sweet-corn injury from trifluralin increased with higher application rates.
Verbatim
e0“the intensity of injury increased with higher application rates.”
t0“Sweet Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Fluchloralin at 0.84 kg/ha did not injure sweet corn.
- Taxon
- sweet corne0
- Treatment
- fluchloraline0
- Outcome
- sweet corn injurye0
- Direction
- did not causee0
- Value
- 0.84e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Only fluchloralin, ethalfluralin, and trifluralin at 0.84, 0.84, and 0.42 kg/ha, respectively, did not cause sweet corn injury.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethalfluralin at 0.84 kg/ha did not injure sweet corn.
- Taxon
- sweet corne0
- Treatment
- ethalfluraline0
- Outcome
- sweet corn injurye0
- Direction
- did not causee0
- Value
- 0.84e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Only fluchloralin, ethalfluralin, and trifluralin at 0.84, 0.84, and 0.42 kg/ha, respectively, did not cause sweet corn injury.”
Claim · model-written summary
Trifluralin at 0.42 kg/ha did not injure sweet corn.
- Taxon
- sweet corne0
- Treatment
- trifluraline0
- Outcome
- sweet corn injurye0
- Direction
- did not causee0
- Value
- 0.42 kg/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Only fluchloralin, ethalfluralin, and trifluralin at 0.84, 0.84, and 0.42 kg/ha, respectively, did not cause sweet corn injury.”
Claim · model-written summary
Dinitramine treatment yielded among the best sweet-corn yields.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The best sweet corn yields were obtained following treatments of dinitramine, ethalfluralin, and fluchloralin.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethalfluralin treatment yielded among the best sweet-corn yields.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The best sweet corn yields were obtained following treatments of dinitramine, ethalfluralin, and fluchloralin.”
Claim · model-written summary
Fluchloralin treatment yielded among the best sweet-corn yields.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The best sweet corn yields were obtained following treatments of dinitramine, ethalfluralin, and fluchloralin.”
The same questions in other papers
trifluralin · pest · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
pendimethalin · pest · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- negative
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trifluralin · crop injury · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
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tillage · pest · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
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- negative
- negative
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811 papers in the same direction as this paper · 230 in the opposite direction · 57 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
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See all 1,099 papers →tillage · Abutilon theophrasti · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.