Abstract
Abstract Grain amaranth ( Amaranthus spp.) is an ancient crop that is now receiving fresh attention. This has led to a demand for crop management information, including that on N fertilization. This study evaluated the effect of N fertilizer on amaranth grain yield, yield components, and growth and development. The study was carried out in three Missouri environments with five levels of N fertilizer (NH 4 NO 3 broadcast preplant at 0, 45, 90, 135, and 180 kg N ha −1 ) and three cultivars (Plainsman, D136, and K266). Averaged across cultivars and environments, N fertilizer at the top rate of 180 kg N ha −1 produced a yield increase of 42% relative to plots receiving no N fertilizer. Yields were consistently improved by additions of 45 and 90 kg N ha −1 , but additional N fertilizer above the 90 kg N ha −1 rate increased yield in only one out of three environments. At the one site where yield components were evaluated, yield differences were due to increases in seed number per plant, since seed weight and plant population at maturity were unaffected by N fertilizer rate. Plots with high rates of N fertilizer had later maturity, as indicated by time of flowering and seed moisture. Average moisture of seeds harvested from plots receiving 180 kg N ha −1 was 320 g kg −1 , while seeds from plots with no N fertilizer had 240 g kg −1 moisture. Comparing the same high‐N treatment to the control with no N showed height increases of 14, 24, and 44% in the three environments. Although amaranth yield is responsive to N fertilization, high rates of N fertilization can negatively affect grain harvest in terms of excessive plant height, increased lodging, and delayed crop maturity.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
At 180 kg N ha −1, grain yield increased 42% relative to no nitrogen.
- Taxon
- Grain amaranth
Amaranthus hypochondriacust0 - Treatment
- N fertilizer at the top rate of 180 kg N ha −1e0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 42%e0
- Comparator
- plots receiving no N fertilizere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Averaged across cultivars and environments, N fertilizer at the top rate of 180 kg N ha −1 produced a yield increase of 42% relative to plots receiving no N fertilizer.”
t0“Grain Amaranth”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding 45 kg N ha −1 consistently improved yield.
- Taxon
- Grain amaranthAmaranthus hypochondriacust0
- Treatment
- 45e0
- Outcome
- Yieldse0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yields were consistently improved by additions of 45 and 90 kg N ha −1 , but additional N fertilizer above the 90 kg N ha −1 rate increased yield in only one out of three environments.”
t0“Grain Amaranth”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding 90 kg N ha −1 consistently improved yield.
- Taxon
- Grain amaranthAmaranthus hypochondriacust0
- Treatment
- 90 kg N ha −1e0
- Outcome
- Yieldse0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yields were consistently improved by additions of 45 and 90 kg N ha −1 , but additional N fertilizer above the 90 kg N ha −1 rate increased yield in only one out of three environments.”
t0“Grain Amaranth”
Claim · model-written summary
Additional nitrogen above 90 kg N ha −1 increased yield in only one of three environments.
- Taxon
- Grain amaranthAmaranthus hypochondriacust0
- Treatment
- additional N fertilizer above the 90 kg N ha −1 ratee0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- only one out of three environmentse0
- Comparator
- 90 kg N ha −1 ratee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“additional N fertilizer above the 90 kg N ha −1 rate increased yield in only one out of three environments”
t0“Grain Amaranth”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen rate increased seed number per plant at the yield component site.
- Taxon
- Grain amaranthAmaranthus hypochondriacust0
- Treatment
- N fertilizer ratee0
- Outcome
- seed number per plante0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yield differences were due to increases in seed number per plant, since seed weight and plant population at maturity were unaffected by N fertilizer rate.”
t0“Grain Amaranth”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed weight was unaffected by nitrogen fertilizer rate.
- Taxon
- Grain amaranthAmaranthus hypochondriacust0
- Treatment
- N fertilizer ratee0
- Outcome
- seed weighte0
- Direction
- unaffectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed weight and plant population at maturity were unaffected by N fertilizer rate.”
t0“Grain Amaranth”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant population at maturity was unaffected by nitrogen fertilizer rate.
- Taxon
- Grain amaranthAmaranthus hypochondriacust0
- Treatment
- N fertilizer ratee0
- Outcome
- plant population at maturitye0
- Direction
- unaffectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed weight and plant population at maturity were unaffected by N fertilizer rate.”
t0“Grain Amaranth”
Claim · model-written summary
High nitrogen rates delayed maturity as indicated by flowering time and seed moisture.
- Taxon
- Grain amaranthAmaranthus hypochondriacust0
- Treatment
- high rates of N fertilizere0
- Outcome
- maturitye0
- Direction
- latere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plots with high rates of N fertilizer had later maturity, as indicated by time of flowering and seed moisture.”
t0“Grain Amaranth”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed moisture at 180 kg N ha −1 was 320 g kg −1 versus 240 g kg −1 without nitrogen.
- Taxon
- Grain amaranthAmaranthus hypochondriacust0
- Treatment
- 180 kg N ha −1e0
- Outcome
- moisture of seedse0
- Direction
- higherinferrede0
- Value
- 320 g kg −1e0
- Qualifier
- 240 g kg −1e0
- Comparator
- plots with no N fertilizere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Average moisture of seeds harvested from plots receiving 180 kg N ha −1 was 320 g kg −1 , while seeds from plots with no N fertilizer had 240 g kg −1 moisture.”
t0“Grain Amaranth”
Claim · model-written summary
High nitrogen increased plant height by 14%, 24%, and 44% across three environments.
- Taxon
- Grain amaranthAmaranthus hypochondriacust0
- Treatment
- high‐N treatmente0
- Outcome
- heighte0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 14, 24, and 44%e0
- Comparator
- control with no Ne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Comparing the same high‐N treatment to the control with no N showed height increases of 14, 24, and 44% in the three environments.”
t0“Grain Amaranth”
Claim · model-written summary
High nitrogen rates increased lodging.
- Taxon
- Grain amaranthAmaranthus hypochondriacust0
- Treatment
- high rates of N fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- lodginge0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“high rates of N fertilization can negatively affect grain harvest in terms of excessive plant height, increased lodging, and delayed crop maturity.”
t0“Grain Amaranth”
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