Abstract
Producers in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States often use prophylactic pesticide sprays in their fields to increase wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yields regardless of disease or insect pest levels. This study was carried out at two sites during each of two field seasons to evaluate th-e effects of pesticide applications (fungicides and insecticide) on insect abundance, beneficial arthropods, foliar damage and grain yield in winter wheat. Insecticide applications reduced densities of cereal leaf beetle (CLB) and CLB damage of flag leaves at the Queenstown and aphid at the Upper Marlboro study site compared to controls during 2009 and 2011 field seasons, respectively. However, insecticide application also reduced arthropod predators at Queenstown in 2009. Fungicide applications reduced leaf spot severity symptoms at Queenstown in 2009 and both sites in 2011. Grain yield was negatively correlated with the percentage of severely damaged flag leaves during the 2009 growing season when diseases and insects pressure was greatest. Nevertheless, yield increase associated with application of pesticides (fungicides) was observed only at one out of four site–year combinations. Results from this study suggest that prophylactic sprays will not enhance wheat yields in the absence of high pest pressure.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Insecticide applications reduced densities of cereal leaf beetle and its damage to flag leaves at Queenstown during 2009.
- Taxon
- winter wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- Insecticide applicationse1
- Interactor
- cereal leaf beetlee1pest
- Outcome
- densities of cereal leaf beetle (CLB) and CLB damage of flag leavese1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Qualifier
- during 2009e1
- Comparator
- controlse1
- Setting
- Queenstowne1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in winter wheat”
e1“Insecticide applications reduced densities of cereal leaf beetle (CLB) and CLB damage of flag leaves at the Queenstown and aphid at the Upper Marlboro study site compared to controls during 2009 and 2011 field seasons, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Insecticide applications reduced aphid densities at Upper Marlboro during 2011.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Insecticide applicationse1
- Interactor
- aphide1pest
- Outcome
- aphide1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Qualifier
- 2011 field seasonse1
- Comparator
- controlse1
- Setting
- Upper Marlboroe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in winter wheat”
e1“Insecticide applications reduced densities of cereal leaf beetle (CLB) and CLB damage of flag leaves at the Queenstown and aphid at the Upper Marlboro study site compared to controls during 2009 and 2011 field seasons, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Insecticide application reduced arthropod predators at Queenstown in 2009.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- insecticide applicatione2
- Interactor
- arthropod predatorse2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- arthropod predatorse2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Qualifier
- in 2009e2
- Setting
- Queenstowne2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in winter wheat”
e2“However, insecticide application also reduced arthropod predators at Queenstown in 2009”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicide applications reduced leaf spot severity symptoms at Queenstown in 2009 and at both sites in 2011.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Fungicide applicationse3
- Outcome
- leaf spot severity symptomse3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Qualifier
- at Queenstown in 2009 and both sites in 2011e3
- Setting
- Queenstowne3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in winter wheat”
e3“Fungicide applications reduced leaf spot severity symptoms at Queenstown in 2009 and both sites in 2011”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield was negatively correlated with the percentage of severely damaged flag leaves in 2009.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- flag leavese4
- Outcome
- Grain yielde4
- Direction
- negatively correlatede4
- Qualifier
- during the 2009 growing season when diseases and insects pressure was greateste4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in winter wheat”
e4“Grain yield was negatively correlated with the percentage of severely damaged flag leaves during the 2009 growing season when diseases and insects pressure was greatest”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield increase from pesticide application was observed only at one of four site-year combinations.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- application of pesticides (fungicides)e5
- Outcome
- yield increasee5
- Direction
- increasee5
- Qualifier
- only at one out of four site–year combinationse5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in winter wheat”
e5“yield increase associated with application of pesticides (fungicides) was observed only at one out of four site–year combinations”
Claim · model-written summary
Prophylactic sprays will not enhance wheat yields in the absence of high pest pressure.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- prophylactic sprayse6
- Outcome
- prophylactic sprays will not enhance wheat yieldse6
- Qualifier
- in the absence of high pest pressuree6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in winter wheat”
e6“prophylactic sprays will not enhance wheat yields in the absence of high pest pressure”
The same questions in other papers
insecticide · pest · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
29 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- negative
- negative
34 papers more in this group
See all 38 papers →fungicide · disease · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
134 papers in the same direction as this paper · 19 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- no effect
153 papers more in this group
See all 157 papers →insecticide · ecology: diversity · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.